Apple varieties for the Urals

Thanks to breeders from all over the world, at the moment it is possible to grow almost any horticultural crop in the climatic zone in which you wish. A large number of a wide variety of vegetables and fruits, in particular apples, are also cultivated in the Urals. You need to be careful about the choice of apple varieties that are suitable directly for the climatic conditions of your region. In addition to the correct variety, it is imperative to follow the planting rules, as well as provide the plants with proper care. Only then will the trees please you with a good harvest. In this article, we will tell you about varieties that show excellent results in the Urals.

Description of apple varieties for the Urals

Mandatory when choosing one or another varieties it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the weather conditions of the region. On the territory of the Urals, the winter period is characterized by very low temperatures, the summer is short and cool, temperature drops occur quite sharply during the day. All these features must be taken into account. For such difficult regions as the Urals, you need to choose varieties that differ in a number of qualities. Such apple trees should tolerate severe winters well, have sufficient resistance to spring and autumn temperature drops. If it happens that the plant is frozen, then it should be able to recover in a short time. Apple trees, which are grown in difficult areas, must have strong immunity to major pests and diseases, in particular scab. It will not be at all superfluous if the plants can easily tolerate elevated temperatures and dry season in summer. If the growing season does not differ in duration, then the apple trees should still have time to give their harvest.

On the territory of the Urals, varieties that belong to standard, dwarf, columnar varieties. In addition, gardeners plant ranetki, different in terms of apple ripening, varieties with large fruits, and semi-cultivated plants. As you can see, the choice is quite large, even despite not the best growing conditions for apple trees. It is generally accepted that it is safer to plant in the Urals in the autumn than in the spring.

The best varieties of apple trees for the Ural conditions

Anis Sverdlovsky.

The fruits of this variety ripen in the first half of September. They can be stored from fifty to seventy days. The size is not too large, one fruit weighs about one hundred grams. The surface is yellow with a reddish blush. It has a lot of juice inside, the taste is sweet with a pleasant sourness. It shows good results in terms of yield, tolerates cold temperatures well. An adult plant is medium in height, the crown has a rounded shape.

Aport.

This variety was obtained by breeders for a long time, and has already become one of the parents for other varieties of apple trees, for example, for Alexander, Blood-red and others. Apples Aport gives very large, usually weighing about three hundred grams. There are also very outstanding fruits that weigh as much as nine hundred grams! Apples ripen in late autumn - early winter. In one place, the plant is capable of bearing fruit for thirty-five to forty years.Fruiting begins six to ten years after planting. Productivity is high, fruits with good frequency. Such fruits are capable of retaining their qualities for two to four months. The surface of the apples has a sheen, yellow or slightly greenish color, while there are inclusions of a red tint. Taste quality is at a high level, aftertaste is long, slightly winey. In terms of application, the fruits of Aporta are universal. It can be affected by scab, the resistance to this ailment is average.

Arkad Biryukova.

One of the autumn varieties of apple trees, the fruits are not too large. One apple weighs no more than one hundred grams. The adult plant is not too tall, about three and a half to four meters. The crown grows quite sprawling. The color of the apples is greenish with a slight blush. The apple tastes sweet with pronounced acidity. It gives a lot of juice. They can lie quietly until the beginning of winter. This variety shows itself well in the southern part of the Urals.

Arkaim.

This variety got its name in honor of the city, which is located in the southern part of the Urals. Many believe that this variety is a columnar apple tree, however, the creator of the variety A.I. Sidelnikov. after a while he said that the variety is still a spur apple tree. Differs in excellent frost resistance. Gives excellent yields, begins to bear fruit rather quickly. Such apple trees begin to bloom already a year after planting. A plant that is eight years old can produce six to eight buckets of apples. Dessert taste with noticeable acidity. Fruit color is very elegant, deep red. It brings a good harvest in the south of the Urals.

Bashkir beauty.

This variety became popular in the 1850s. This name was given to the variety in the early years of the 20th century. It tolerates frosts quite well, gives good yields in the conditions of the southern Urals. Has an average resistance to fungal diseases. Harvesting usually occurs in late summer - early fall. Fruits fully ripen in late autumn - early winter. Fruits grow evenly, in weight one specimen reaches from ninety to one hundred ten grams. Dessert taste with bright acidity, has a slight bitterness in the aftertaste. There are few seeds inside the fruit, the aroma is very delicate, almost imperceptible. For a tree to bear fruit well, additional pollinators are needed. If the plant is frozen over, then recovery occurs rather quickly.

Bugler.

It is one of the summer varieties of apple trees. The fruits are not too large in size, they have a lot of juice in the pulp. The color of the apples is bright red. At a young age, the tree has the shape of a pyramid, and the adult plant grows and the crown becomes wider. It tolerates low temperatures well, does not require too much attention in care. Produces fruit from year to year. The scope of the fruit is very diverse.

Gornoaltaiskoe.

This variety is summer. Semi-cultivated plant. The variety is zoned for the Perm region. It tolerates cold winters well, has good immunity against fungal diseases, in particular scab. Fruiting occurs in about three to four years. Productivity is at a high level. The apples are very small, weighing one twenty five - thirty grams. Ripening occurs in the second half of August. Such fruits can be stored from two weeks to twenty days. Taste quality at a high level. Ripe fruits that remain on the tree can crack in conditions of heavy rain.

Danila.

This variety is winter. Gives very large fruits, weighing about one hundred and fifty grams. The tasting score of the fruit is high. The harvest is abundant. The appearance of the fruit is very elegant, with a beautiful yellowish tint and a slightly ruddy side. Not attacked by scab. Begins to bear fruit quickly. Shows the best yield for three to five years.Fruits can lie until the end of spring, and sometimes even until the next harvest. The plant has a strong crown.

Zhigulevskoe.

This variety is autumnal in terms of ripening. Produces a bountiful harvest. Young trees give a harvest every year, and adult apple trees have an inconspicuous frequency in this regard. Dessert apples with a slight sourness. The pulp does not have too much juice, the grains contain an average amount. The crop is usually harvested in late August - early September. Full ripening occurs after two weeks - twenty days. Such fruits are stored until December. This variety is not very resistant to cold weather, the recurring low temperatures in spring can destroy the formed flowers. For this reason, in the conditions of the Urals, such a variety is grown as a stanza crop. If the snow cover is small in winter, then it is necessary to organize additional insulation for the plants.

The beauty of Sverdlovsk.

This variety shows good results in terms of yield, bears large fruits that are well stored in winter. This plant is medium in size, the crown does not grow too densely, has a rounded shape. The fruit weighs from one hundred and forty to one hundred and sixty grams. Sometimes there are apples and two hundred and forty grams in weight. Inside the apple has a lot of juice, contains not a large amount of grains, the texture of the pulp is dense. Harvesting begins in September, fruits can be stored for about six months. It is practically not affected by major diseases, including scab. It usually takes six to eight years from the time of vaccination to the first collection. The apple tree bears fruit annually. There should be other varieties as pollinators in the neighborhood. For this variety, protection against gusts of wind is mandatory.

Melba.

This variety is very popular due to its proven positive traits. This variety begins to bear fruit from the fourth to fifth year of life. Apples are larger than average in size, weighing from one hundred and eighty to two hundred grams. The surface color of the fruit is yellow with a red tint. The pulp is tender, sweet. Apples ripen in late August. Fruits are stored for six to eight weeks. Pollination is required, it is best to plant the Wesley apple variety nearby for this purpose. This variety is not too resistant to diseases of fungal origin. Frost resistance is below average; in the southern part of the Urals, it is better to grow such a variety in the form of a trunk, and in the north in the form of a stanza.

People's.

This plant has a compact size, the crown is neat, the tree reaches a height of no more than three to three and a half meters. This variety ripens in late summer - early autumn. Begins to bear fruit rather quickly, in the third - fifth year. The harvest is stable, but not too abundant. The fruits are of medium size, weighing from one hundred and ten to one hundred and thirty grams. The aroma is bright, the taste is sweet with an acidic component. The surface of the fruit is yellow in color, as the apple ripens, acquires a golden tint. There is no blush. Additional pollination is not required for the variety. Has good immunity against scab.

Nastenka.

Of the large-fruited varieties of apple trees, on average, one fruit weighs about one hundred and fifty grams. Has an elegant appearance, oval, slightly elongated. The surface of the fruit is without shine, has a pretty blush. When the apple is picked it is green in color and turns yellow as it is stored. The inside of the fruit has a medium density, as it ripens, it acquires a creamy texture. The tasting marks are high, the taste is balanced.

Memory of Michurin.

This variety feels best in the Lower Volga and Central Chernozem regions. The conditions of the Ural climate are too harsh for this variety. Good results Pamyat Michurin can show in the southern part of the Urals, in the form of stanza culture. This variety gives an average yield, most often it has a periodicity.With the right growing conditions, good results can be achieved. One fruit can weigh from one hundred and forty to one hundred and fifty grams. The apples are bright in color, the peel is greenish with a yellow tinge. There are bright red streaks. Such fruits can be stored until spring.

Silver hoof.

This variety shows very good results in terms of stable yield. Fruiting of this variety occurs in a short time, three years after planting. The fruits are not too large, reaching from sixty to ninety grams in weight. The surface is yellow with an orange tint. The pulp contains a lot of juice, the taste is very bright. The plant is compact in size, has good resistance to various climatic conditions. Has not too strong immunity, is periodically attacked by scab.

Spartacus.

This variety shows very good results in the northern regions, in particular in the Middle Urals. The fruits are large in size, weighing from one hundred to one hundred and thirty grams. Has a beautiful appearance. Begins to bear fruit very quickly, the first crop can be harvested in a year or two after planting. In the spring, it enters the growing season very quickly. You can harvest the crop in early September. The fruits ripen within four to five weeks. It is imperative to carry out preventive work against the scab.

Stroyevskoe.

This is from the winter varieties of apple trees. Such a tree bears fruit abundantly; on a regular basis, the first harvest can be obtained ten to eleven years after planting. Sometimes it is possible earlier, but rarely. The fruits have an elongated conical shape, rather large in size. One specimen can weigh about one hundred and fifty grams, the surface of the fruit is yellowish with a golden sheen, there is a red blush. The fruits have a dessert taste and bright sourness, the pulp has a lot of juice. Such fruits can be stored until spring. Stroevskoe has strong immunity to major diseases and harmful insects.

Even for the Southern Urals, this variety has insufficient resistance to low temperatures. Vaccination must be winter-hardy, good results are shown by grafting with stanza rootstock.

Welsey.

In terms of ripening, this variety is autumn, fruiting occurs quickly enough. This variety feels best in the southern part of the Urals. The apples are large enough, have a golden yellowish color, dessert taste, very sweet. High yield, about two hundred kilograms of fruit can be harvested from one plant. This variety is often planted as a pollinator for other apple varieties.

Screen.

The representative of miniature varieties of apple trees - gives quite small apples, which in weight reach no more than ninety grams. Taste quality at a high level. Inside, the apple is tender, with a sweet and sour taste. The aroma is bright, there is a lot of juice. The harvest can be obtained in September, such fruits are stored until January. But it is best to consume this variety immediately after the fruit has been harvested. Profuse fruiting annually. This variety tolerates severe winters well. It is often affected by scab, for this reason it is necessary to carry out preventive work against this ailment.

Amber.

This variety is very popular in the Urals, it is considered one of the sweetest varieties of apples. It tolerates frost well, has a strong immunity to major diseases and harmful insects, the harvest is plentiful every year. In order for apples to be stored for a long time, they must be removed unripe. This usually happens in August. Ripening occurs during storage. Over time, they acquire the best taste. It is necessary to carry out preventive measures against the moth.

Varietal categories

As a rule, apple plantings contain different varieties.They differ in a variety of ways. Of course, in the Urals it is best to give preference to local varieties.

Winter apples.

This category includes varieties that may not lose their quality for several months. Most often until February, some of them are able to lie until April. As a rule, such apples are harvested not completely ripe. Among winter apples in the Urals, gardeners often plant Welsey, Xenia, Beauty of Sverdlovsk, Antonovka, Bashkir handsome.

Summer apples.

First of all, varieties called summer ripen in the gardens. You cannot store such apples for too long. They can last for several days, some varieties last for three to four weeks. Typically, these varieties have a sweet taste and loose flesh. On the territory of the Urals, among summer apples, the following varieties are preferred: Medunitsa, White filling, Melba, Candy, Hornist, Ural rose.

These varieties are best consumed fresh. Very good compotes are also prepared from them. Some gardeners prefer to dry or preserve such fruits.

Dwarf varieties.

Among apple trees with low stature, it is customary to distinguish between dwarf varieties of a natural form, as well as tall apple trees that were grafted on dwarf rootstocks. Low-growing varieties of apple trees with a natural shape in height grow from one hundred seventy to two hundred centimeters. As for the plants grafted on dwarf rootstocks, they grow by about one meter. Fruiting occurs three to four years after planting. Such apple trees do not create shade for other plants; they are very convenient to care for. Among the dwarf apple varieties that are grown in the Urals, are in great demand Carpet, Snowdrop, Wonderful, Grounded, Sokolovskoe.

Hit parade of varieties for different reasons

When choosing varieties, as a rule, various indicators are evaluated. Gardeners look at the ripening time, taste, the degree of resistance to low and high temperatures. Distinguish varieties according to the scope of apples, according to the size of the trees. An important factor when choosing varieties is yield and early maturity, as well as strong immunity to diseases and harmful insects.

In terms of taste, many gardeners complain that the older varieties grown in the north do not have outstanding taste characteristics. If we talk about the varieties of the new selection, then they are the most interesting in terms of taste. Northern varieties have a fairly bright acidity, the texture of the pulp is dense, there is a lot of juice. These are the kind of apples that northern people prefer. As for the southerners, they like the sweetest fruits. Such data were obtained thanks to the research of scientists from Poland.

Among the Ural gardeners, such varieties are in great demand as Melba, Welsey, Belarusian sweet, White filling.

It is very important to pay attention to such a parameter as the winter hardiness of the variety. This is due to the fact that the winter period in these parts is quite long, with low temperatures and strong winds. For such conditions, apple trees should tolerate long winters and sudden temperature changes. They also have to recover in a short time after freezing. Such apple trees must calmly tolerate droughts, gusts of wind, as well as spring frosts during the flowering period. It is best to choose those varieties that have strong immunity to major diseases, since they can weaken the tree in summer, which will lead to poor winter hardiness of plants.

For the territory of the north of the Urals, it is best to choose varieties such as Spartak, Gornoaltaiskoe, Uralskoe bulk, Uralets.

On the territory of the southern and middle Urals, other varieties are already selected. So, for example, in the middle of the Urals, they usually plant Anis Sverdlovsky, Silver Hoof, Spartacus, Persian Woman, Summer striped, Ural liquid... In the south of the Urals, the winds are quite active, there is not too much precipitation, and the winter is frosty. In such conditions, it feels best Arkaim, Ural liquid, Bashkir beauty, Arkad Biryukova.

Many gardeners choose apple trees on the basis of the keeping quality of the fruit. Winter apples retain their qualities until the end of February, and some of them remain until April. These varieties include: Welsey, Stroevskoe, Persian, Ksenia, Good news, Bashkir beauty, Beauty of Sverdlovsk, Pervouralskaya.

An important factor when choosing a variety is the presence of good immunity. In cold climates, where there is a lot of rain, apple trees can be affected by various diseases of fungal origin. In the Urals, gardeners pay great attention to preventive work against fungal diseases. The following varieties are rarely exposed to diseases: Dachnoe, Uralets, Rodnikovaya, Yantar, Pervouralskaya.

You also need to pay attention to the timing of fruiting. So, for example, varieties bear fruit every year Gornoaltaiskoe, Hornist, Melba, Danila, Stroyevskoe, Yantar, Krasa Sverdlovsk, Spartak, Ekrannoe.

The type of stem is also an important factor for the successful cultivation of an apple tree. For your requirements, you need to choose the right variety with the required dimensions and crown shape. The most popular among the Ural varieties are not too tall apple trees, which reach a height of four to five meters. And also many gardeners grow stems or shrub forms. The roots of such plants are well developed, located deep in the soil. The crown is usually round or pyramid-shaped. Such trees have good resistance to frost and wind. Among the popular varieties of medium-sized apple trees are Dachnaya, Welsey, Pervouralskaya, Zarya, Silver hoof, Ural bulk, Krasa Sverdlovsk, Summer striped.

The varieties that are in the form of stanza are also popular in the Urals. These are usually not very frost-resistant varieties that bear large fruits. Their crown has a flat shape, in winter it is covered with a snow cover. Such varieties can delight with their large fruits for about fifty years. On the territory of the Urals, the following varieties can most often be found: Ligol, Melba, Borovinka, Narodnoe, Stroyevskoe, Breading, Altai souvenir, Belarusian sweet, Zhigulevskoe.

For most horticultural crops, stagnation of water in the area of ​​the root system is detrimental. For this reason, it is best to give preference for planting in areas with a good drainage layer. Apple trees are very responsive to regular watering, but waterlogging of the soil is unacceptable. This is especially true for long-term waterlogging of the soil.

This crop should not be planted in swampy areas, as well as in lowlands, where underground moisture is too close to the topsoil.

If the water is not too deep, then it is necessary to select either high grades or medium grades in height. Dwarf rootstocks will not work in this case, since their roots are located in the upper part of the earth.

Also in this case, it is necessary to add earth, thereby raising the level of the ground, hills are poured. Further planting of apple trees is carried out on them.