Pear Duchess

Pear Duchess has several forms. Used on an industrial scale for commercial purposes. The fruits are well transported. They can be kept on the branches for a long time and stored in the places designated for pears. Excellent sweet taste.

From this material you will learn about the characteristics of the Duchess pear variety, the principles of planting and agricultural technology, about diseases and pests.

Pear Duchess - characteristics and description

Pear Duchess William summer photo

A variety of universal use. The inner content of the fruit is tender, juicy, sweet aftertaste. Tasting score - 4.8 points out of five.

The pear is well used in medicine - it is included in medicines for the common cold. The juice, which is made from the fruits of this variety, is hypoallergenic.

Pears of this variety are loved by children and adults, even infants eat juice. Fruits are low in calories and form the basis of the diet. Rich in many vitamins and minerals.

Pear Duchess: varieties

"Duchess" is subdivided into several forms: "Duchess Angoulême", "Duchess Moscow wild", "Duchess Moscow garden", "Winter Duchess", "Summer Duchess».

Often, novice gardeners can confuse pear varieties and believe, for example, that there is a variety "Bere Duchess". And in this they are deeply mistaken. "Bere" and "Duchess" are two completely different pear varieties!

The variety "Duchess Angoulême" does not tolerate the winter season well. It is most popular with Caucasian and Crimean gardeners. The yield indicator is average. Harvest from one pear - seventy-one hundred and fifty kg. Fruiting can begin early. The fruits are large enough, weighing one kilogram. They are presented in the form of a blunt cone. Ripen in the first days of August. Fruits on the tree can last for a long time - until November days. The variety is appreciated for its decorative properties, amazing aromatic properties of fruits and excellent taste.

Decorative varieties with excellent taste: "Fairy", "Krasnobokaya", "Krasulya", "Lada", "Lyubimitsa Yakovleva".

The variety "Duchess Moscow Wild" reaches up to no more than twenty meters. It has leaves in the form of an oval, with roundness, slightly leathery. The flowers grow up to three and a half cm, white, petals are pale pink.

Blooms in May days. Excellent honey plant. Fruit ripening occurs closer to the autumn season.

Small fruits weigh from one hundred and fifty grams, medium-sized - up to four hundred grams. From one pear, they collect from one hundred to two hundred and fifty kg.

This pear species lives for eighty years. The frequency of the harvest is every 2 years. Seed propagation.

The variety is grown in the Moscow region, in the Caucasian territory, in the European Russian regions, in the Central Asian regions.

The variety "Duchess Moscow Garden" grows up to thirty meters high. It is part of the Rosaceae family. The flowers are of a snow-white color with numerous stamens. Fruits are large in size, poured up to eight hundred grams. The coloration is reddish, with a pale yellow tint. The sugar content of the fruit is sixteen percent.

Pear Duchesse Moscow photo

If pears are kept on trees for a long time, there is no loss of their taste. They are widely used in the form of dried fruits. Very well used in the technology industry.

The variety "Winter Duchess" came to us from the Belgian territory.It is grown on a large scale in the Uzbek, Crimean, North Caucasian territories. Quite whimsical to climatic conditions and soil. Gives good yields on fertile lands. Prefers places well protected from bad weather and strong gusts of wind.

Variety "Summer Duchess" - an old man of English selection, the fruits ripen in late summer. The variety is not capable of self-pollination, so it needs helpers for pollination. There are other names for this variety: "Williams Summer", "Williams", "Williams Bon-Chretien".

In terms of cultivation in the Crimean territory, this variety is in third place, yielding to the varieties "Bere Bosc"And" Bere Ardanpon ".

Summer ripening varieties: "Carmen», «Ilyinka», «Space"," Limonka "," Victoria ".

An excursion into history

Pears of the varieties "Duchess Angoulême", "Dikiy Moskovsky" and "Sadovy Moskovsky" are grown in Russian regions.

They are very popular among gardeners, and are cultivated in amateur garden plots. They ripen quickly without any complicated costs and give generous yields.

The fruit has a juicy, sweet taste and thin skin. They are widely used for winter harvesting.

The word "duchesse" comes from the word "duchesse", which means "duchess". The variety was developed by the English professional breeder Wheeler. The distributor of the Duchess variety is Williams. They first learned about the variety in 1796.

Characteristic features of culture

Pear Duchesse photo

Characteristics of pears and trees.

Variety "Duchess Winter". The tree branches, the crown is broad-pyramidal, vigorous. The tree is tall but slow-growing. The leaves are medium in size, elliptical, emerald in color.

Pollinating varieties: "Bere Ardanpon", "Williams".

Fruits are tied in bunches or singly. Hang on a tree for a long time. The fruits are in the form of a barrel, weigh eight hundred grams, are well transported, their surface is smooth. The peel has airy aromatic properties of flowers, smooth, rather strong.

The color is deep amber or saffron yellow. There is also a little blush from the sun. The inner contents of the pear are white, melt, juicy. Taste is sweet, slightly sour. Fruits are eaten fresh, made salads from them or processed - they prepare jam, jams, marmalade, wine. Also, this pear is well used in the preparation of desserts.

Variety "Duchess Summer", or "Williams". Fruits can remain on the tree for a long time, attach well to the base of the fruit stem. At the same time, they are tied in two or three pieces. Medium-sized fruits. They weigh eighty to one hundred and eighty grams. They are presented in the form of a wide standard pear, have an elongated head and a surface with roughness. The skin of the fruit is thin, light emerald in color. When fully ripe, the color becomes lemon yellow, and there is also a blurred blush.

The inner content is in the form of granules, the juice is well released, painted in a cream color. Taste qualities are wine-sweet, slightly spicy, there is a nutmeg aftertaste. Sugar accumulates well, the taste is excellent.

The fruits can be eaten fresh or processed. Pears of the "Summer Duchess" variety are used to make jams, compotes, candied fruits, and sweets. Dried pear fruits are very tasty, they are used for making muesli.

Features of the variety

Pear Duchesse Angoulême photo

After planting on a vigorous stock, the Duchess Winter variety begins to bear fruit only from the seventh to the eighth year.

On a quince rootstock, pear fruiting begins from the fourth to fifth year after planting.

Pears grafted onto an ornamental dwarf showed excellent productivity.

"Winter Duchess" of the middle late period of maturity. The fruits are harvested on October days after all the leaves have fallen off.

Fruits can ripen for 2 months or before the first winter month.

The fruits ripen completely from October 1-10.The fruits are stored until May days. If the fruit is stored for a long time until the April days, then a loss of aromatic properties may occur, but the appearance will also remain fresh.

It is good to store pears in the refrigerator. The yield indicator is average - eighty-one hundred fifty kg from one pear.

Pear Duchess tolerates cold well. The planting site should be protected from the wind, the soil should be well filled with nutrients.

There are also such frost-resistant varieties as: "In memory of Yakovlev", "Cathedral"," Karataevskaya ","November", "Nika".

Variety "Summer Duchess". A tree of strong vigor. Possesses good frost resistance. The crown of the pear is wide, in the form of a pyramid, and has a large number of leaves. The branches and bark are smooth, gray-colored.

The shoots are curved, rather thickened. Lentils are numerous, lemon-colored. The leaves are glossy and smooth.

In the form of a rounded oval, pointed, of large size. Can be boat-shaped.

Leaf buds extend from the edges of the branches. They look sharp, shortened.

Flower buds are highly sensitive to weather changes. The variety begins to bear fruit from the sixth to seventh year after planting.

The variety cannot be pollinated on its own, it is self-fertile, helpers are needed for pollination.

Best for pollination: frost-resistant "Clapp's Favorite", Wild or cultivated" Forest Beauty "," Bere Ardanpon ".

Flowers are collected in inflorescences of six to seven pieces. The pear blooms late, for a long time.

Flowers have good tolerance to changes in temperature conditions and inclement weather.

The yield indicator of the variety is decent. Two hundred thirty to two hundred and fifty kg are removed from one pear.

Fruits are harvested in the 15th of August. Fruits are stored from five days to one week.

If you collect the fruits in advance, they will last for fourteen days. It should be borne in mind that if you want to store the crop for a long time, then the peel should not have a yellow color - the fruit should not ripen and be slightly hard. Pears are kept cool for up to forty-five days.

"Duchess Winter" and "Duchess Summer" - how they are similar and how they differ.

In the "Winter Duchess" variety, the fruits ripen and are removed in October days, in the "Summer Duchess" variety - in the August days.

The fruits of the "Winter Duchess" variety are in the form of a barrel, weighing eight hundred grams. Fruits of the "Summer duchess" variety are of medium size, weighing from eighty to one hundred and eighty grams. In the form of a wide standard pear, with an elongated head and roughness.

The peel of the "Winter Duchess" variety has light aromatic properties of flowers, it is smooth, rather strong. The variety "Summer Duchess" has a thin peel, has a honey smell.

In the coolness, fruits of both types are stored for up to forty-five days.

From pears of both varieties, juices, jam, candied fruits, marmalade are prepared.

In the variety "Winter Duchess" the tree branches well, has a wide-pyramidal crown, vigorous. The "Summer Duchess" variety has a tree of strong growth. It tolerates winter well in cold climates. The crown is in the form of a wide pyramid.

The planting time of the varieties is the same. Pears are planted from April 10-20.

Trees of both varieties are mulched in the autumn season before the onset of cold weather and precipitation.

These varieties have poor disease resistance. They can be attacked by aphids, copperhead. Scab disease is not so significant.

Rodents love to eat the bark of these varieties. For protection purposes, the pear is fenced off with a small fence.

Pear Duchesse: planting and care

The optimal time for planting planting material of the "Summer Duchess" and "Winter Duchess" varieties is April 10-20.

Planting is carried out before the buds open.

The seedlings should not be buried very deeply, they may die because of this.

When planting, the hole should be dug up to 1 meter deep, and seventy cm wide.

It is forbidden to pour fresh manure fertilizer into the pit.Because of this, a painful burn of the root system of the seedling will occur.

Black soil is poured into the pit if the land is not fertile. The soil is improved with a small amount of compost fertilizer with peat (2-3 buckets per hole). A mound is formed from the resulting substrate.

Further, the roots of the seedling are distributed along it. A support against the winds is mandatory. A peg is driven into the ground to a great depth, and the stem of the plant is carefully tied to it.

A seedling is tied up in the form of an infinity sign or number 8. Thanks to this, the pear will not be damaged.

The most important factor in agricultural technology is to mulch the seedling. Mulching protects the soil from negative climatic conditions and sudden temperature fluctuations. Mulch the soil with weeds, high-quality humus and straw.

The soil is mulched in the autumn season before the temperature drops and precipitation falls.

The tree is pruned in the spring.

In the first year, the lateral shoots above the buds and the middle part of the trunk are shortened by a quarter. This pruning will help the plant to develop both up and to the sides.

In the second year, the center of the tree is shortened by twenty-five cm.The lateral shoots are cut from five to eight cm.

So, the lower branches are longer in length than the upper ones - a truncated conical shape is obtained.

To protect the tree from strong winds and severe cold snaps, a shelter is made for wintering. The bottom of the pear is wrapped in cotton woven fabric and newspaper.

The snow cover will well protect the root system from frost. A large snowdrift is made around the circumference of the tree, thus the heat exchange process will take place.

Watering is carried out before the pear begins to bloom and after, 2-3 buckets of water are brought in each season. Another watering takes place in September.

It is not recommended to apply top dressing in 1 year of development, because the pit has already been fertilized when planting the plant. Most fertilizer mixtures are applied in the fall season. Minerals are brought in every year.

For one square: potassium chloride (twenty to thirty grams), superphosphate (twenty to twenty five grams), saltpeter (twenty to twenty five grams). Organics are fed 1 time / 3 years.

For 1 square from five to eight kg. Grooves are made around the circumference of the pear, fertilizers are introduced into them fifteen to twenty cm deep.

Diseases and harmful insects

In dampness and coolness, trees of both varieties were struck by scab, because of this, the aromatic properties of the fruits were lost.

Fruits may crack and the inner contents lose aroma and flavor.

Pears that ripen on trees can fall due to the huge overweight.

Pear Duchess has poor immunity to disease. It can be attacked by aphids, copperhead. The resistance to dry periods is weak, the resistance to the winter season is average.

The scab does not affect so much. To fight this disease, you need to process the tree after it has faded.

It is treated with a 0.5% solution of copper oxychloride or 1% bordeaux hexane.

The withered infected leaves are burned. Since this foliage is the main symptom of this disease. The trunk circle is treated with Nitrafen (0.3%).

The varieties have immunity to scab: “Elegant Efimova"," Otradnenskaya "," Severyanka Krasnoshchekaya "," Skorospelka from Michurinsk "," Yanvarskaya ".

The anti-sap treatment is carried out before the buds open. The most suitable drugs are "Olecuprite" or "Karbofos", ninety grams of the substance is dissolved in ten liters of water. The larvae are destroyed with insecticidal organophosphorus preparations.

Adult pears need to be protected from rodents. Hares love to eat bark. The pear is fenced off from them with a small fence, and the place itself is fenced off with buildings or fences.

Pear Duchess is used very widely. Contains vitamins and minerals. The inner content of the fruit is tender, juicy, sweet aftertaste.

Fruiting of pears is good.Pear Duchess adapts well in small gardens or on collective farm soils. Pears are susceptible to various diseases. Show decent yields in different climates.