Cherry moniliosis
Content:
Cherry rarely suffers from all sorts of diseases, but there is one enemy from which it can significantly suffer. This is cherry moniliosis. And it is very difficult to cure this disease.
Gardeners, who often plant cherries in their area, probably often had to deal with such an ailment.
The disease is characterized by the following manifestations:
- Rotten fruits;
- Burn on the branches;
- Disgusting taste of berries that become unusable.
But despite such a sad picture, it is difficult to overcome the disease, but it is possible. And this is very good news for gardeners who love to grow this plant.
How does Cherry Moniliosis disease arise?
The disease has two names: "Moniliosis" and "Monilial burn". Among gardeners, you can hear such a name as "Gray Rot". To reanimate the plant, you will need to make great efforts and spend a significant amount of time. Moniliosis, in addition to cherries, also affects plums, cherry plums, peaches and other plants.
The hazard level increases in cold weather conditions characterized by excessive humidity.
The disease has a spore-like mode of reproduction and is classified as a fungus. The focus of occurrence may exist outside the affected area, far beyond it. The situation is aggravated by insects, which are excellent spore carriers.
The disease has striking symptoms.
- The foliage dries up and turns yellow, and gradually crumbles.
- The berries stop growing and developing normally. They fade and turn black.
- The spoiled fruit does not fall immediately, but can hang on the branch for a long time. The berry has an unpleasant aftertaste.
- On shoots that are 2-3 years old, spore-like cushions are formed.
- The flowers wither after the berries.
- The plant is filled with blackening fragile branches.
The plant looks burnt, the ailing half dries up and darkens.
In subsequent years, in the spring, the plant becomes infected again and again. The branches remain dry, and the berries do not change their appearance.
Why Cherry Moniliosis Disease Occurs and How It Spreads
The disease affects plants at the time of flowering. The causative agent of the disease is Monilia, a fungus that gets on the pistils of cherries. The fungus is especially active in cold and humid weather. The temperature regime should vary from 0 degrees to -2. Spores are transported in a windy manner. Flowers are affected first, after branches. They become brittle and a grayish coating appears on the surface.
The plant on which the insects are located is especially affected. Pests physically destroy the cherry, thereby allowing the fungus to develop more and more actively and infect the plant.
The weather and affected cherries nearby are key factors.
To minimize the harmful effects, the disease must be detected in time and cured as soon as possible.
In order for the cherry to hurt less, it needs constant and good care. Also, it will not be superfluous to treat the plant with special preparations. If rot appears on the fruits, then it cannot be ignored, as this can lead to the rapid development of miniliosis. With the onset of damaging factors, the plant needs to be treated very quickly.
Preventive measures
To overcome the disease, you need to engage in prevention.
In addition to handling cherries, you need to constantly monitor your garden.The most important thing when carrying out prevention is to cause as little physical damage to plants as possible. But if it was not possible to avoid mechanical damage, then the affected areas should be treated immediately.
You also need to prune the cherries, as this is an integral part of grooming. Most often, those trees where there is excessive thickening are susceptible to infection. Oxygen and light do not enter the plant well, and cherries become a tasty morsel for pests.
After the leaves have fallen, the crown of the tree must be painted with a specialized paint. Unwanted foliage must be removed, preventing them from starting to rot. Monilia-fungus will remain in the foliage, and after its decomposition, it will move to healthy cherries and introduce infection.
If the planting is planned only now, then it is best to purchase cherry varieties resistant to moniliosis in the store.
Plants are planted at some distance from each other.
Before the beginning of winter, the trees are prepared. For sanitary purposes, the plant needs to be cut a little. The damaged branches must be cut off, in contact with the healthy part, then in the cut off place it is necessary to smear with oil paint. Diseased berries, foliage and branches must be removed and then burned.
Cherry moniliosis: how to treat
Even if you follow all the measures and rules, it is not a fact that the plant will not get sick. Unfortunately, no one is immune from gray rot. And it is very difficult and long to fight it.
You can fight the fungus in several ways, depending on the degree of damage to the cherry. If the plant is overly affected, then it is possible that the tree is already doomed to death.
Use of chemicals
The greatest result is shown by the use of chemistry. At the moment when the buds are swollen or, for example, blossomed, it is necessary to process the crown with a Bordeaux solution of 2 percent.
The trunks of the plant are whitewashed. Whitewashing is made from copper sulfate, lime and anti-fungal agents.
Also, before blooming flowers, you can treat the cherry with copper oxychloride 0.3% or you can replace it with a solution of Tsineb 0.4%. Or if the time is lost, and it is necessary to process the cherry, then at the initial stage of flowering, the plant is treated with Topsin-M 1%. Then the tool needs to be processed after 1 week for a whole month.
After the flowers begin to bloom, last year's plants are processed. Used in this case: Iron vitriol, Kuprozan or Tsineb, which was mentioned above. At the moment, copper-containing substances are contraindicated.
At the moment when the buds turn pink, you need to do 1-2 treatments with Horus or Cupid. Sprinkle the cherries once every 2 weeks.
Chemicals should be discontinued after the plant begins to bloom. If moniliosis could not be eradicated immediately, then biological preparations can be used that will continue to fight the disease.
Fruits contaminated with chemical impurities should not be eaten. The berries are used a month after the processing measures. After harvesting the fruits, you can treat the plant with copper-containing preparations.
Biologicals
Long-term processing is possible with these agents in comparison with chemical preparations. This helps to save a severe lesion on the cherry.
Most importantly, these substances are much safer than chemicals.
Moniliosis is treated with Fitosporin-M. The drug is used at the initial stage of flowering and the formation of ovaries and berries. Fitosporin 20 ml should be mixed with 10 liters of water.
You can also resort to using Fitolavin. You need to mix it with liquid in the same ratio as Fitosporin. Processing is carried out at the beginning of flowering, at the end of it and at the time of the formation of ovaries.
For preventive purposes, trees are treated 2 times, when the berry is formed, and when the tree grows.
Cherry varieties resistant to gray mold
When buying a plant, you need to carefully and competently approach the choice of the variety that will be most resistant to the disease.There are also varieties that thrive in certain areas. This is also necessary to know, since in the wrong conditions the cherry may not survive.
There is not yet a cherry variety on the market that is not completely susceptible to the damaging effects of gray rot. But, nevertheless, there are varieties that fight well with it. If the plant lives in a humid and cold climate, then it is unlikely that it will be possible to avoid damage.
Turgenevka cherry variety is considered the most widespread. The variety takes root well in the Moscow region.
The varieties are considered resistant to moniliosis:
- Jade;
- Zhukovskaya cherry;
- The chosen one;
- Wonder cherry;
- Kazachka and others.
In the south of our country, varieties are developing well:
- Anadolskaya cherry;
- Krasnokutskaya cherry;
- Spunk.
In the regions of the middle lane, they grow well:
- Novodvorskaya cherry;
- Memory of Yenikeev;
- Gurtyevka.
In the Moscow region, Cerapadus grows beautifully, which is very resistant to the disease.
Felt cherry moniliosis
The variety was brought to our country at the end of the 19th century. The plant is also susceptible to monilial burn. As a result, the cherry dries up, darkens and dries up.
In winter, the fungus lives on a diseased plant. And in the spring, spores of the fungus spread and infect nearby plants. The variety lives best in humid climates, where the fungus actively reproduces. For a couple of years, the disease can affect the plant entirely.
You need to fight gray rot according to a certain scheme. To begin with, when the cherry has bloomed, the affected branches are cut off, touching the healthy parts. Treat the plant with copper-containing substances. This should be repeated annually.
Nitrafen can be put into action. It is used until the buds open, until the leaves fall. The product must be mixed with water using 200 grams of the drug and 10 liters of liquid.
After the affected branches are cut off, you need to process the cut sites with Bordeaux 1% solution.
During the period of bud formation and budding, you need to use Zircon to overcome the ailment. After picking the berries, the cherry is sprinkled with a mixture of Zircon and Epin.
After carrying out sanitary measures at the end of the summer period, the plant is treated with Hom.
The spoiled berries and leaves are removed and burned. This measure must be observed for absolutely any varieties. For preventive purposes, boric, manganese, copper, zinc fertilizing materials can be used.
To save the plant, you need to use means to combat fungi.
Fruit rot is also considered a monilial burn.
Moniliosis is a disease that affects a plant.
Monilial burn is a cherry attack in the spring.
Fruit rot is the term most often used by gardeners among themselves, thus denoting moniliosis.
During the course of the disease, the berries of the plants begin to rot, as a result, a large number of plants may suffer. The berries develop an unpleasant aftertaste of bitterness, which causes rot.