Apple-tree Julskoe Chernenko: description, guidance for growing

The article presents an apple-tree Julskoe Chernenko: description, complete information, detailed guidance on growing.

Apple-tree Julskoe Chernenko: variety description

Apple-tree July Chernenko: photo

Apple-tree Iyulskoe Chernenko is an early-ripening variety of apples, known not only for the early ripening of fruits, but also for their outstanding commercial qualities. Thanks to their attractive appearance and pleasant flavoring bouquet, the variety has received recognition among domestic gardeners. The creator of this variety is the scientist-breeder S.F.Chernenko, who crossed the old winter-hardy apple variety "Naliv White", also known as "Papirovka", and the long-known autumn variety "Anis Aly". This article will consider the main characteristics of the Yul'skoe Chernenko apple-tree variety, instructions for planting and caring for its seedlings.

Apple-tree July Chernenko: main characteristics

Apple-tree July Chernenko: photo

Apple-tree Iyulskoe Chernenko is a universal-purpose summer apple variety, known for its unpretentious character. The only difficulty in caring for it is pruning, which must be carried out regularly due to the rapid growth rate of the plant. Young trees of this variety quickly adapt to a new place and grow, tolerate wintering well and are rarely affected by the most common diseases among fruit crops. The exception is scab, therefore, the prevention of this disease must be paid attention to from the first year of growing the tree. Another important factor influencing the development of apple trees of the "Iulskoe Chernenko" variety is the degree of soil moisture. Trees of this variety do not tolerate the close location of groundwater to the surface of the land on the site. The average life expectancy of an apple-tree Iyulskoe Chernenko is 35 years.

Apple-tree July Chernenko: photo

Apple trees of the Iyulskoe Chernenko variety are distinguished by high growth rates and reach their maximum sizes at the age of 5 years. By this time, their average height is from 5 to 7 m, and the crown finally takes on its shape. It is characterized by an oval-conical shape and an average degree of thickening. Small leaves of the traditional apple shape are painted in a bright emerald green and have a smooth surface. The green color of the fruit in the phase of technical maturity, upon reaching full ripeness, is replaced by a rich scarlet color. On the entire surface of the peel of apples, a few stripes are noticeable. The average weight of the fruits of the "Yul'skoe Chernenko" variety varies from 120 to 150 g, the maximum weight is 180 g. Smaller fruits ripen on old apple trees of this variety - in this case, a pruning procedure is shown in order to rejuvenate the tree.

Fruiting time and yield

On average, up to half a centner of apples is harvested from one adult apple-tree of the Iyulskoe Chernenko variety. Young trees produce crops every season, starting at the age of three.As they grow older, they switch to periodic fruiting: the harvest season gives way to rest during the next year. One of the factors that reduce the volume of the crop is the excessive density of the crown. In this case, the green mass takes away the nutrients necessary for the formation and maturation of fruit ovaries. In order to avoid such a situation, it is recommended to thin out the side branches, as well as to make targeted feeding.

Commercial qualities of apples Iyulskoe Chernenko

The fibrous part of the apples of the Iulskoe Chernenko variety is colored light green and has a refreshing sweet and sour taste and a pronounced aroma. The chemical composition of the pulp includes a lot of sugars, acids, pectins and vitamin C (more than 10 mg per 100 g). The apple variety Iyulskoe Chernenko is classified as a dessert variety, its fruits can be eaten fresh, and also used for conservation. Baby food made from “Iulskoe Chernenko” apples is very popular thanks to its pleasant sour notes.

Winter frost resistance

Apple-tree Iulskoe Chernenko demonstrates a high degree of winter hardiness, having inherited it from the original varieties. Its trees tolerate prolonged frosts well, but in the case of little snow and early winter, it will not be superfluous to cover their roots with an insulating layer. For this purpose, mulch is used: in the fall, in preparation for winter, the soil in the near-trunk circle of apple trees is covered with a layer of crushed tree bark or compost. The apple-tree Iyulskoe Chernenko successfully takes root and bears fruit in the Moscow region, Central Russia and in the Volga region. Also, this variety is grown in some Ural regions.

Disease immunity and pest resistance

Of all the infections of fungal origin, common among fruit crops, only scab is a danger to the "Yulskoye Chernenko" variety. Extensive damage from this disease can destroy the entire crop in a single area. For this reason, the owners of garden plots are recommended twice during the season to carry out preventive treatment of apple trees of this variety, which is also aimed at preventing the invasion of harmful insects. The first time this procedure is shown in the spring, in the phase of the opening of the kidneys. During this period, the trees are treated with "Karbofos" aimed at fighting insect pests, including one of the most dangerous enemies of apple trees - the fruit goose. The second time the processing of apple trees of the "Iulskoe Chernenko" variety is carried out in the summer at the time of the formation of ovaries. In this case, the Agat-25K fungicide is used to prevent diseases.

Strengths and weaknesses of the apple variety Iyulskoe Chernenko

Summing up everything that has been said in this section, we can highlight the main advantages of the Yul'skoe Chernenko apple variety. These include:

• Early ripening of fruits and early entry of trees into the age of fruiting;
• Excellent commercial qualities of apples of this variety - attractive appearance, pleasant taste and aroma, rich chemical composition of the pulp, as well as a long shelf life (up to 30 days);
• Immunity to most fungal infections of fruit plants;
• The ability of seedlings to quickly adapt after transplanting to a new location;
• High rates of winter hardiness.

As for the disadvantages of the Yul'skoye Chernenko apple-tree variety, there are not so many of them in comparison with the impressive list of strengths. The weak points of this apple variety are:

• Susceptibility to scab, which requires annual preventive treatment;
• Uneven ripening of apples, which complicates harvesting.
• Instructions for planting apple-tree seedlings Iyulskoe Chernenko

Due to the high growth of the apple tree, the Iyulskoe Chernenko varieties are practically not used in industrial-type orchards.Most often, these trees are planted in the backyard, where, in addition to the function of fruiting, they perform one more - they serve as a decoration of the site and protection from the sun for other plants.

Choice of landing dates

In the case of the Yul'skoe Chernenko apple variety, it is recommended to choose autumn time for planting - from the last days of August to the first days of October. Trees are distinguished by fast growth rates and take root well in a new place, having time to take root before the onset of cold weather. In the case of planting in spring, the time for the formation of an extensive root system before the beginning of the growing season may not be enough for the apple trees. The apple trees of the Iyulskoe Chernenko variety planted in autumn enter a period of active growth with the arrival of spring.

Landing algorithm

When choosing a site for placing apple seedlings of the Yul'skoye Chernenko variety, preference should be given to well-lit places open enough to accommodate an adult tree with a spreading crown. It should be borne in mind that it is not recommended to plant other tall crops within a radius of 4-5 m next to the trees of this variety.

Since apple trees of the Iyulskoe Chernenko variety are sensitive to excess moisture in the soil, it is not recommended to plant them in places where groundwater is close to the earth's surface. If there is no other way to plant trees, you should take care of drainage work on the site. Otherwise, the life of the plants will not exceed 6 years due to the constant waterlogging of their root system. The harvest from such trees will be meager.

The preparation of the site for planting seedlings must be carried out in advance - 30-45 days before the planned planting. The planting scheme assumes the presence of planting pits 1 m deep and 0.6 to 0.65 m wide.Fertilizers should be applied to each of them, which is a mixture of the following components:

• well-rotted compost - 1 bucket;
• superphosphate - 150 g;
• potassium sulfate - 50g.

It will be a mistake to introduce fertilizers rich in nitrogen - they stimulate the formation of new shoots that will not have time to get stronger by winter and will die during cold weather, which can lead to the death of the entire tree.

After adding the nutrient mixture, the contents of the planting pits are dug up and spilled with water. It will be possible to start planting in 1-1.5 months, after the earth settles in them.

The quality of the seedlings also affects the success of the entire apple planting event. The optimal age of planting material is 1 year, trees older than two years adapt much worse and as a result they often get sick and may die.

A support peg is buried in each planting hole, a seedling is neatly placed next to it. It is important that its root collar is above ground level. The remaining free space of the planting pit must be filled with soil extracted during its digging. The ground around the seedlings should be lightly tamped, and then watered with warm, well-settled water at the rate of 2-3 buckets for each tree.

Instructions for caring for apple trees of the Iyulskoe Chernenko variety

Due to the unpretentious nature of the Yul'skoye Chernenko apple trees, caring for them is reduced to the simplest procedures. An exception is pruning, which will be discussed later.

Watering mode

Watering is especially important for young apple trees in the period immediately after their planting in open ground. During the first season, they need from 4 to 5 waterings, the total amount of water consumed for each plant is from 40 to 60 liters. As the apple trees mature, the Yulskoe Chernenko varieties no longer need a lot of water, so the interval between watering is lengthened. During the season, mature trees are watered 2 to 3 times, while the volume of water is 60 liters.

Fertilization

In the first year after planting in open ground, young apple trees of the “Iyulskoe Chernenko” variety do not need additional fertilizing - they have enough nutrients that were introduced into the planting pit.Starting from the second season, it is necessary to apply fertilizers according to the following scheme:

• The first top dressing is in the spring and involves the use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers. This will allow the plants to quickly grow green mass and start new shoots.
• The second mandatory feeding is carried out in the fall in preparation for winter. For this purpose, complexes intended for fruit plants are used, rich in phosphorus and potassium - nitroammophoska, superphosphates, as well as flour obtained by grinding phosphorites. In autumn, you can also insulate the apple tree trunk circle with a layer of well-rotted manure at the rate of 1 bucket per tree.
• During the season, you can also make top dressing, alternating organic matter and mineral fertilizers. 2-3 procedures are enough for the apple trees to receive the required amount of useful elements. There are a number of popular recipes, such as mullein infusion mixed with wood ash. Another option for feeding apple trees involves using compost in a proportion of 2-3 buckets per 1 apple tree.

Soil care

The soil on the plot with apple trees of the Iyulskoe Chernenko variety needs minimal maintenance. It is important not to forget about the need to mulch the soil surface in order to prevent moisture loss and protect the plant root system from severe frosts. The best way to create a layer of mulch is coniferous spruce branches, compost, or shredded bark. Using straw and sawdust for mulching is not the best option, since rodent pests are often found in this environment, harming the bark of trees. Due to injuries received during wintering, the apple tree may die.

Tree crown care

"Iyulskoe Chernenko" needs regular pruning of the crown, which is carried out twice during the season. Spring pruning has a sanitary purpose, when all weakened, damaged and diseased parts of the tree are removed. In the fall, a formative pruning of the crown is carried out, aimed at thinning the branches. Some gardeners prefer to form the crown in late February or early March; late pruning is also common, which is carried out after the leaves have crumbled and the movement of sap in the tissues of the tree stops.

For the Yul'skoe Chernenko apple variety, the forming crown pruning is of particular importance, since, unlike other hybrids, these apple trees form many tops - strong vertical shoots that take away nutrition from the fruiting parts of the plant. If they are not removed, the apple tree will build up its green mass, which will affect the volume of the crop. For this reason, it is recommended to prune all tops in a place with too spreading branches.

Pollinator selection

Apple-tree Iulskoe Chernenko is a partially self-fertile variety, i.e. it is able to form fruit ovaries without cross-pollination, but the result will be few fruits. Therefore, this variety requires the presence of pollinating trees on the site. For apple trees of the "Iulskoe Chernenko" variety, the following varieties will be the best option, flowering and fruiting at the same time:

• the original "Pour White";
• winter-hardy summer variety "Medunitsa";
• Canadian "Quinty";
• old "Grushovka Moscow«.

For these varieties, not only the period of flowering and ripening of fruits is the same, but to a certain extent the taste characteristics of apples are also similar.

Features of fruiting apple varieties Iyulskoe Chernenko

Like most hybrids, the Yul'skoe Chernenko Apple tree begins to bear fruit quite early, subject to all agrotechnical recommendations for planting and caring for young apple trees. If all the indications have been met, "Iyulskoe Chernenko" will bring the first harvest in 2 years after planting, in the middle of summer. The last apples of this variety will ripen at the same time as the autumn varieties.It happens that the first flowering is ahead of fruiting by a year - in this case, it is recommended to remove all flowers so that the tree can spend energy on the formation of roots.

Harvesting and storage of fruits

Despite the high growth of apple trees of the Iyulskoye Chernenko variety, they are harvested manually - this way there is less risk of damage to the apple skin. In this case, they can be stored for a month or more, provided they are stored in a shaded place with a rather low air temperature. If the skin of the fruit was damaged during harvesting, they must be sent for processing as soon as possible, since they will quickly deteriorate.
Apple variety Iyulskoe Chernenko is a universal variety: fruits are eaten fresh, and also serve as raw materials for the manufacture of juices, preserves, jams, dried fruits.

Conclusion

Apple trees of the Iyulskoe Chernenko variety have a number of advantages that allow them to occupy a leading position in domestic orchards. The trees are distinguished by their unpretentious nature and the ability to safely endure severe frosts. This hybrid variety does not require much care and only needs regular crown pruning. The apple-tree Iyulskoe Chernenko brings a rich harvest of fruits of excellent quality and universal purpose. Due to the early maturity, apples of this variety are harvested for the first time 2-3 years after planting young apple trees in open ground. The weak sides of the Iulskoye Chernenko apple tree include the high growth of trees, which is the reason for the impossibility of industrial planting of this variety. In addition, the attractive and tasty apples of the Iyulskoe Chernenko variety are easily damaged and have a short shelf life. Another weak point of the variety is its susceptibility to scab disease, so gardeners cannot do without the preventive treatment of Yul'skoe Chernenko apple trees.

Apple-tree Julskoe Chernenko: video about the variety