Pear Sverdlovsk

 Today there are many varieties of pears obtained as a result of selection of wild varieties of this culture. The original plants, which became the founders of dozens of hybrid varieties, were originally grown in the wild. Over the years, biological scientists have carried out research and experimental crosses, which have led to the creation of completely new varieties that inherited the best qualities of their parents. One of these hybrids is the Sverdlovchanka pear, which will be discussed in this article.

Sverdlovchanka pear variety is a representative of the group of autumn-summer varieties. It is characterized by a high degree of resistance to winter frosts, therefore this variety belongs to the winter-hardy varieties. Sverdlovchanka pear fruits have characteristics that make it possible to classify the variety as dessert.

Origin of the variety

The merit of breeding the Sverdlovchanka pear variety belongs to the employees of two experimental horticultural stations located in the Saratov and Sverdlovsk regions. The scientists-breeders L.A. Kotov became the authors of the new hybrid. and Kondratyeva G.V. In the course of breeding work, successful pollination of the “lukashovka” pear (variety “Fields”) with the pollen of a number of pear varieties common in the southern regions of the country was carried out. The hybrid obtained as a result of crossing received the name Sverdlovchanka pear and was zoned in the Lower Volga region.

Sverdlovchanka pear: description of the variety and characteristics

Pear Sverdlovchanka: photo of the variety

The pear variety Sverdlovchanka has a number of features that distinguish it from other varieties of this culture.

Sverdlovchanka pear trees cannot boast of high growth, as well as outstanding crown sizes. The branches that form it are not too dense, therefore the crown is compact and round-pyramidal in shape. The bark of the trunk of the tree and its skeletal branches is usually dark gray with greenery. The branches of the tree are directed upwards, their two-year-old shoots are the fruiting part of the plant. Rounded shoots are colored brown-green and covered with glossy bright green oval-ovoid leaves. The edges of the flattened sheet plate are covered with teeth. The leaves are attached to the shoots by means of long petioles; small stipules are saber-shaped.

During the flowering period, which comes quite late, the branches of the Sverdlovchanka pear are densely covered with medium-sized white flowers. Their distinctive feature is the same length of anthers and pistils.

The fruits of the Sverdlovchanka pear variety are regular rounded pears with a smooth green skin. On the side of the fruit that has been exposed to sunlight for the longest time, there is a not too bright tan. In the Saratov region, due to the large number of sunny and warm days in the spring-summer period, Sverdlovchanka pears have a bright yellow color. The entire surface of the fruit is covered with tiny green subcutaneous dots. The average weight of fruits of the Sverdlovchanka variety is in the range between 130 g and 180 g. Pears of this variety are characterized by the presence of closed seed chambers, a small saucer, and a large heart.

The pulp of Sverdlovsk pears contains a large amount of juice, it is characterized by an almost complete absence of granules, as well as a well-felt oiliness and aroma. Due to their pleasant sweet taste, the pears of this variety were classified as a dessert variety. His mark was 4.5 points. The chemical composition of the pulp of the pear of Sverdlovsk includes a lot of sugars (more than 9%), as well as acids (0.2%).

Pear of Sverdlovsk: planting and care

The success of growing the Sverdlovchanka pear variety depends not only on the climatic characteristics of the region, but also on how competently the tree care will be organized. The correct choice of a site for planting seedlings of this variety plays a primary role: unlike many southern varieties, the unpretentious Ural hybrid does not need a large amount of black soil in the soil. Moreover, too fertile soils are undesirable for planting Sverdlovchank pears. The best choice will be sandy-lime loam. Thanks to this quality, this pear variety is safely grown in the non-black earth regions of the country from the Urals to the North-West economic region.

When choosing the timing for planting seedlings of the Sverdlovchanka pear variety in open ground, you need to focus on the duration of the warm season in a particular region. Gardeners in the south of the country practice both spring and autumn planting of pear trees. As for the more northern areas with short summers and early autumn cold weather, it is better to choose a spring planting, since in this case young plants are guaranteed to have time to take root in a new place and survive the winter.

When choosing a site for planting pear seedlings from Sverdlovsk, you need to remember that the pear is a light-loving culture, therefore, it is optimal to place it in well-lit places where there is no shading.

The site for planting pear seedlings from Sverdlovchanka needs to be prepared ahead of time. No later than 7 days before the planned planting, you need to dig the planting holes. The diameter of each of them should be at least 100 cm, and the depth - about 70 cm. The soil at the bottom of the holes should be loose, a support peg is placed in each depression, and then a slide is poured from a mixture of soil and fertilizers. A pear seedling is placed on top of this slide, while its root shoots should be carefully spread along the sides of the elevation. The depth of the root collar of the seedling should not exceed 5-7 cm from the soil surface. The planting hole is filled with the remnants of the soil extracted from it, which is slightly compacted by hand.

It is recommended to dig a shallow circular furrow around each seedling to help increase irrigation efficiency. Freshly planted young pears of Sverdlovsk city need to be watered abundantly - for each tree there are at least 2 buckets of water. Then the near-trunk circle of each seedling must be covered with a layer of mulch, which can be humus, peat, sawdust. Young trees need more abundant and more frequent watering than adult plants. It is especially important to avoid a moisture deficit in the first month after planting seedlings, since their root system is not sufficiently developed in order to independently extract water and nutrients from great depths. Once the tree has developed developed long roots, it will not need a lot of water and will be able to safely withstand dry periods. On average, it is enough to water an adult pear of Sverdlovsk only 3 times per season, with the exception of especially dry summer months. Each tree has about 3 buckets of water for every watering.

After each watering procedure, it is necessary to loosen the soil in the near-trunk circle so that it better allows air to pass through, which is necessary for the root system of the tree.

Pear of Sverdlovsk does not need to increase the nutritional value of the soil. The only exceptions are those cases when symptoms of tree growth retardation are present. The next season after planting in the summer, you can feed the lagging tree.Organic fertilizers such as humus or peat are best suited for this. They need to be introduced not in pure form, but after mixing with the soil, after which the resulting mixture is placed in a previously dug furrow.

The optimal timing for pruning Sverdlovchanka pear trees depends on the climate of the region. In the south, this procedure is carried out in spring and autumn, in the north - only in spring, in order to exclude the possibility of freezing of a weakened plant during the first frost. In the summer, pruning is not only ineffective, but also undesirable, since removing the foliage is bad for the general condition of the tree.

Pruning can be carried out already in the first season after planting a seedling: this procedure contributes not only to the formation of the crown of the tree, but also to more abundant and regular fruiting. In order to properly prune and not harm the tree, the following recommendations must be followed:

• the tool used for trimming must be sharp;
• pruning is carried out only on warm days, when the possibility of night frosts, harmful to the tree, is excluded;
• seedlings 2 years old are recommended to be cut at a height of 0.5 m from the ground;
• the main part of the tree trunk is trimmed by ¼;
• it is necessary to cut the crown of the tree every year in order to thin it out - this will help to make it less dense and facilitate the penetration of sunlight;
• you need to cut the branches so that hemp does not remain;
• the places of the cuts must be treated with a garden varnish or paint;

During wintering, the Sverdlovchanka pear tree does not need to create a shelter even in the northern regions of Russia. It is enough to shovel snow to its root part to create a protective layer for the roots of the tree.

Protection from diseases and pests

The undoubted advantage of the Sverdlovchanka pear variety is its resistance to diseases such as scab, rust and bacterial burns, which are common among fruit crops. It is enough to take the simplest preventive measures for diseases in order to protect trees of this variety from them. These measures involve the following actions:

• regular weeding of the near-trunk circle to avoid creating an environment favorable for the reproduction of bacteria and viruses;
• regular loosening of the soil in the trunk circle;
• the introduction of mineral dressings into the soil creates unfavorable conditions for the reproduction of harmful microorganisms and insects in it;
• timely cleaning of fallen leaves and fruits and their subsequent burning;
• it is recommended to periodically treat pear trees with solutions of fungicidal, pesticidal, insecticidal action, while observing the recommendations for their use in order to avoid harm to plants and humans.

Pear of Sverdlovsk is a winter-hardy hybrid, characterized by an unpretentious character. Growing it does not require special skills, knowledge and effort, so even an inexperienced novice gardener will be able to do it.

Pear Sverdlovchanka: reviews of gardeners about the variety

• Ekaterina Lvovna, Sverdlovsk region: “The main advantage of the Sverdlovchanka pear variety is its high resistance to winter frosts. After 10 years of cultivating the variety, she noted that the pear trees of Sverdlovchanka successfully tolerate a drop in air temperature to -38 degrees, without receiving any injuries. Sverdlovchanka pears collected in summer can be stored for quite a long time without losing their marketable qualities, and they also crumble a little, remaining on the branches. Harvests taken in the fall usually need to ripen during storage. For me, the pear of Sverdlovsk is an excellent variety for growing. "
• Stanislav Igorevich, Tyumen region: “I like to grow the Sverdlovchanka pear variety due to the fact that the variety is early ripening - its fruiting occurs after 2-3 years of growing the tree. I can say that the yield is gradually increasing as the plant matures.In general, the Sverdlovchanka pear is a very fruitful variety, and its taste is excellent. "