Cherry Maximovskaya

Cherry Maksimovskaya is a popular variety among domestic gardeners. The reasons for this can be judged by its second name - "Generous". Cherry variety Maksimovskaya combines a number of qualities that allow it to occupy a leading position in the Russian fruit market. This article will tell you about the distinctive features of the "Maksimovskaya" variety, its advantages and disadvantages, as well as how to properly grow and care for it.

Cherry Maksimovskaya: the origin of the variety

In the photo: Maksimovskaya cherry

Cherry Maksimovskaya appeared thanks to the works of breeders of the Sverdlovsk region Zhukov S. and Gvozdyukova N. The basis of their work was the natural pollination of the old variety "Ideal", bred by the famous Russian biologist IV Michurin, as well as some other varieties of cherry.

The year of birth of the Maksimovsky cherry variety was 1959, and in 1985 the new variety was included in the State Register and zoned for Western Siberia. Today this cherry variety is ubiquitous in Russia and neighboring countries.

Features of the structure of cherry trees of the Maksimovskaya variety

In general, Maksimovskaya cherry has a structure typical for other representatives of this culture. However, it has a number of features that distinguish this variety from others. Cherry trees are characterized by a tap root system.

The length of the main root of the Maksimovskaya cherry variety varies from 150 to 250 cm, due to which the tree safely tolerates dry periods. The system of adventitious roots surrounds the taproot, and their minimum depth is only 10 cm.

This fact must be taken into account in the process of loosening the soil around the tree, since otherwise the root shoots can be injured, which can lead to plant disease and even its death.

As for the aboveground part of cherry trees of the Maksimovskaya cherry variety, it is of two types. The first type is a standard part with skeletal branches located in its upper part, forming a crown.

In the case of the second variant, the plant looks like a perennial shrub with several branched shoots. Leaf plates of Maksimovskaya cherry are attached to the shoots by means of petioles.

They are characterized by jagged contours of a bright green color. During the fruiting period, a large number of glossy red berries of regular rounded shape are formed on the trees of this variety. In the center of the fruit there is a bone surrounded by a membrane of a fibrous part saturated with juice. The thicker the layer of pulp, the easier it is to remove the bone from it.

What are the distinguishing features of the Maksimovskaya cherry variety

The botanical description of trees and perennial shrubs of the Maksimovskaya cherry variety is reduced to the following indicators:

• The average height of Maksimovskaya trees or shrubs is about 150 cm. The neat crown has a low density and density, which contributes to the convenience of the harvesting process. The life expectancy of plants of the "Maksimovskaya" variety is on average about 35 years, subject to the necessary agrotechnical recommendations.
• The average fruit weight of "Maksimovskaya" is slightly more than 4 g.The berries have a rounded shape, a smooth surface with a glossy sheen, juicy flesh, and a very pleasant sweet taste with sour notes.
• Cherry Maksimovskaya is classified as a winter-hardy and drought-resistant cherry variety. Thanks to these qualities, it is suitable for growing not only in the south of Russia, but also in regions with a more severe climate, such as the Volga region, the Urals and Siberia.

Cherry Maksimovskaya: variety description and characteristics

Cherry Maksimovskaya: photo of the variety

Below will be considered in detail the main characteristics of the Maksimovskaya cherry.

Drought tolerance

Thanks to the developed root system and the deep penetration of the taproot, the trees of this variety tolerate the dry summer months well. It is enough for a gardener to water Maksimovskaya three times during the season - the rest of the time the plant will be content with water obtained in the form of natural precipitation.

The first watering is carried out in the cherry blossom phase, the second falls on the fruiting period, when the berry begins to ripen. The last time a year cherry trees of the "Maksimovskaya" variety are watered after the harvest has been collected.

If the drought lasts too long, the plant may need additional watering. Young trees need more moisture, so it is recommended to water them at least 5 times during the season.

Frost resistant

Cherry Maksimovskaya is famous for its exceptional frost resistance: lowering the air temperature to -45 degrees does not harm it. At the same time, trees and shrubs do not need to create additional shelter from frost.

Pollination features

Cherry variety Maksimovskaya is classified as partially self-fertile, which means that without additional pollination, its trees and shrubs are capable of forming 7-20% of fruit ovaries.

In order for the harvest to be plentiful, pollinating plants are indispensable. In the case of "Maksimovskaya", for this purpose, those varieties that coincide with it in terms of flowering are suitable. First of all, we are talking about cherry "Lyubskoy", which has long been widespread in the Central Black Earth region of the country, "Malinovka", "Subbotinskaya" and about another variety derived from "Ideal" - "Polevka".

Bloom

The flowering period of the Maksimovskaya cherry variety begins in the last days of May, or in the first half of June. The timing is primarily influenced by the climatic conditions of the region in which the trees of this variety are grown.

Maturation and yield

The ripening time of Maksimovskaya cherry fruits also directly depends on the climate of the growing region. In central Russia, the Volga region and the Urals, you can start harvesting in August or September. On average, each tree of the "Maksimovskaya" variety brings from 10 to 15 kg every year.

Features of fruiting

A feature of the ripening of Maksimovskaya cherry fruits is its unevenness. The first berries begin to ripen in July, while the latest ripen in early autumn. For this reason, harvesting is also time-consuming and requires several approaches. As a rule, the Maksimovskaya cherry variety is harvested in two or three stages.

Purpose of fruits

Cherry Maksimovskaya is classified as a universal variety: its fruits are eaten fresh, and also serve as raw materials for the manufacture of jams, preserves, juices, compotes, and wines.

Immunity to disease and pest attacks

Cherry Maksimovskaya is practically not affected by such a common fungal disease among stone fruit crops as clasterosporiosis. As for harmful insects, cherry aphids and cherry slimy sawflies are the most dangerous for the Maksimovskaya trees.

Weaknesses and strengths of the "Maksimovskaya" variety

Cherry Maksimovskaya combines a number of merits, thanks to which she enjoys the steady sympathy of Russian gardeners.So, these include:

• The compact size of the crown of this type of trees - this greatly facilitates the picking of berries, as well as caring for the plant.
• Due to its unpretentious character, "Maksimovskaya" tolerates both severe frosts and drought well. This quality makes it suitable for growing in regions with harsh and long winters.
• Another characteristic feature of the Maksimovskaya cherry is its consistently high yield.
• The berries of this variety not only have exceptional commercial characteristics, but also have a universal purpose, which further adds to the popularity of the variety.

Despite the impressive set of advantages, the Maksimovskaya cherry also has limitations. First of all, it should be noted the uneven ripening of fruits and the duration of this process. This feature complicates the harvesting process and requires additional effort and time from the gardener.

Another vulnerable side of the Maksimovskaya cherry variety is its susceptibility to fungal infections. For this reason, plants of this variety need preventive treatment measures.

Cherry Maksimovskaya: how to plant

Cherry Maksimovskaya: photo of the variety

The quality of the planting material plays an important role in the success of the entire planting and cultivation of Maksimovskaya cherries. It is recommended to purchase seedlings from trusted producers, in large nurseries.

Young plants aged 1-2 years, purchased in the fall, are best suited for planting in open ground. They should be dug into the furrows at a depth of about 0.3 m so that only the top no longer than 15 cm protrudes above the ground. In mid-spring, they can be removed from the earthen shelter and placed on a permanent basis.

When to plant Maksimovskaya cherries

Like other stone fruit crops, cherry trees prefer spring planting. Saplings "Maksimovskaya" are recommended to be planted in open ground until the buds ripen. As a rule, the favorable period for planting falls in April, immediately after the young bushes are removed from the winter shelter in the ground.

How to choose a landing site

When choosing a site for planting Maksimovskaya cherries, it is recommended to pay attention to the lighting mode. This culture is classified as light-loving, so it will best feel on the side of the garden plot that faces south or southwest.

Not the best option for placing "Maksimovskaya" are areas located in lowlands, as well as wetlands. Too open and exposed to through-blowing corners of the garden are also undesirable for planting cherries of this variety. It is optimal if the seedlings will be protected by a shelter, which will not shade them.

The most successful neighborhood options

Nearby plants can significantly affect the growth and development of young cherry seedlings. For this reason, the choice of neighbors must be approached with caution. Since the Maksimovskaya cherry needs good lighting, the gardener will have to abandon the idea of ​​planting tall apple trees close to it.

Tall trees will create a shadow in which the Maksimovskaya saplings will not be able to fully develop. However, tall trees are not the only undesirable neighbors for cherries.

Avoid placing vegetable crops related to solanaceous plants near the trunk circle of trees and bushes of "Maksimovskaya". This includes tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, and eggplants.

The best neighborhood option for a cherry of this variety will be a pollinator plant - for example, a sweet cherry. Placed near cherry trees and shrubs, rowan, grape or elderberry plantings will help repel aphids.

Preparatory stage

Preparation for planting Maksimovskaya cherry seedlings consists in their preliminary examination.The planting material must have an already developed root system and dormant buds that have not entered the growth phase.

Planting stages

The planting of young Maksimovskaya cherry trees takes place in several stages:

• Planting holes must be prepared no later than 2-3 weeks before the planned planting. A good solution would be early autumn preparation of the site allocated for "Maksimovskaya". The average depth of the landing pits is about half a meter, and the width and length are about 0.4 m.
• It is necessary to maintain a certain interval between the holes intended for planting cherry seedlings and the nearby trees. In the case of tall apple trees, it should be at least 5 m.For medium-sized plants, the gap is reduced to 3 or 2 m.
• On the day of planting, the wells are half filled with a nutrient substrate. It can be compost into which mineral fertilizing is added. The resulting substance must be thoroughly mixed inside the planting hole and a cherry bush should be placed on top of the nutrient layer.
• The lower part of the seedling must be filled up in stages: first, the top layer of soil comes, then the soil extracted from the depth of the pit is poured.
• After planting, the seedlings must be thoroughly shed with water, compact the soil in the near-trunk circle and mulch it with a layer of peat or crushed tree bark.

Instructions for caring for cherries of the Maksimovskaya variety

Cherry Maksimovskaya: photo of the variety

Further care for trees of the Maksimovskaya cherry variety comes down to simple, but requiring regular procedures: watering, fertilizing and pruning.

The rules regarding the irrigation regime have been discussed above.

Concerning trimming, then the best time for it is the beginning of spring. It is important to choose the moment when the buds on the shoots have not entered the growth phase. In the process of pruning, all damaged, diseased and weakened shoots, as well as branches thickening the crown, are removed. This will make the tree healthier, form the crown, and reduce its density, which will not only facilitate harvesting, but also increase its volume.

Due to its high resistance to winter frost, Maksimovskaya cherry needs no shelter for the winter and without damage it can tolerate strong drops in air temperature.

However, during wintering, trees may face another threat - animal pests. These include, first of all, hares, as well as other rodents that feed on tree bark. For this reason, care should be taken to protect the trunk of cherry trees.

Fertilizers it is recommended to apply only 2 or 3 years after planting seedlings in open ground. In the third season, you can start applying mineral complexes, as well as the annual use of organic fertilizers.

Preventive treatment

Since the Maksimovskaya cherry cannot boast of immunity to fungal diseases, it needs preventive treatment.

At the very beginning of spring planting of Maksimovskaya cherry varieties should be treated with fungicidal preparations, such as Bordeaux liquid, copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate.

Since the cherry aphid and cherry slimy sawfly often attack the trees of the Maksimovskaya cherry varieties, it is impossible to do without treatment with insecticidal drugs. For this purpose, you can use "Karbofos", "Fitoverm", "Nitra".

When carrying out preventive procedures, important precautions must be observed. Cherry plantings should be sprayed with poisonous solutions only on a dry, windless day. A prerequisite is the use of personal protective equipment - special clothing, gloves, glasses.

Conclusion

Cherry Maksimovskaya continues to be one of the recognized favorites in the field of fruit growing, despite the emergence of more and more hybrid varieties of this crop.Its unpretentious nature and consistently high yields make Maksimovskaya cherry suitable for growing in most of the country.