Standard roses - description, types
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Growing and caring for standard roses
As mentioned above, standard roses are not a separate variety that has any specific characteristics. A variety of roses are suitable for growing in the form of a stem - with small and large inflorescences, tall climbing roses and bush varieties with multiple waves of flowering. Practically every group has varieties suitable for standard design.
The stems are very different in height: for example, there are low options for large-flowered plants (about 1 m). In the case of growing climbing roses in this way, the height of the trunk can reach 1.25 m, and the crown, as a rule, acquires a weeping shape. When talking about standard roses, certain terms are usually used to refer to parts of plants. So, the crown is called the scion, and the trunk is called the stock. Varietal scion crowns need at least three grafting on the rootstocks to form an effective and correct volume.
For landscape design, standard roses are a real find that allows you to elegantly and romantically decorate small-sized amateur plots with a limited area for decorative plantings.
The rather high cost of standard roses in comparison with bush varieties is explained by the laborious process of grafting and growing them. Caring for such plants also cannot be called easy: roses grown on boles need to be tied to supports, grafting sites require solid shelter for the winter, and pruning should be carried out regularly and skillfully.
Pruning is required for most standard roses, because it is with its help that lush pink bouquets get their shape. This is especially important for climbing roses, which are grafted onto rosehip bushes at a height of about one and a half meters. So that the crown of a weeping standard rose does not lose its spectacular shape, it is necessary to cut off old shoots in spring pruning. At the same time, young branches are shortened by 1/3 of the length. Otherwise, excessive elongation of the shoots will occur, which can damage the shape of the bush.
At the stage of growing seedlings, the main task is to obtain the most even and healthy and strong rose hips. At the same time, high growth is the main advantage. At the same time, the cultivation of the rosehip itself, which will later become the stock for the standard rose, is not so difficult. It is enough to follow some recommendations:
- the most suitable for sowing are the brown fruits harvested in August;
- seeds extracted from fruits do not need preliminary stratification and can be sown directly into thoroughly moistened soil;
- it is recommended to water crops in dry weather, regulating the level of moisture in the soil.
Seedlings appear next spring and thrive and grow stronger throughout the season. If seeds of completely ripe fruits were used for sowing, then the emergence of seedlings will occur later, in the second year after sowing.
It is best to transplant future rosehip bushes in the fall, when leaf fall ends. The seedlings should be dug up and sorted out to the strongest, tallest and most even. Then they are planted in the ground at the rate of 1.5m by 0.2m. The spacing between the rows should be wide enough to facilitate the hilling process on the eve of winter.
The process of growing rose hips lasts 4 years. All this time, young plants must be regularly watered, treated with drugs to protect against diseases and pests, and the soil around them must be loosened.
After the appearance of the renewal shoots, in the fifth year of the plant's life, it is necessary to cut off the side branches. One strongest shoot is left, which is pinched at the end of July, when its length is 1.5-2 m.
At the end of the second week of August, it is possible to inoculate with an eye using different varieties in the presence of 4-5 buds. Grafting is done at a height of 1.2-1.5 m, at the base of the branch. This will allow the bushes to grow more branchy, able to withstand strong gusts of wind without breaking. This distinguishes them favorably from those that developed in the places of inoculation directly on the trunk.
To give the crown a weeping shape, groundcover and polyanthus roses with their long and flexible stems that fall to the very base of the stem are suitable. Despite their small thickness, they are resistant to winter cold and disease.
The stems obtained as a result of budding must be prepared for wintering: for this they should be tilted in the direction of the row and tied to other boles near the ground, and then spud with soil taken from the inter-row spaces.
In the spring, a support with two wires is installed along a row of future standard rootstocks, as for grape plantings. Plants are tied to them, previously shortened by a segment equal to the interval between two buds. Over the next season, the seedlings grow stronger and develop.
The whole process of growing a standard rose from the moment of sowing rosehip seeds takes about 7 years. Ready-made rose seedlings are placed at a distance of 1.2 m from each other, the interval for plants with a weeping crown is 1.8 m.It should be borne in mind that for successful wintering, standard roses must be bent to the ground and covered, therefore, it is necessary to take care of sufficient for this procedure space.
Bamboo is excellent as a support for standard roses - stakes made of this material are durable and look organically in the garden.
A layer of mulch made from sawdust, straw or humus will help keep the soil around the roses moist. With its help, you can protect the land from drying out in the summer. As we already know, caring for standard roses requires more effort than for bush varieties. Weeding and loosening should be done fairly often. Watering should be done carefully, without touching the leaves of the plant, since the accumulation of moisture on them can lead to the development of fungal diseases. Therefore, water should be purposefully poured onto the ground within the near-stem radius.
How to properly feed standard roses, what fertilizers to use for this
Roses grown on a stem require repeated application of nutrient mixtures throughout the year. After spring pruning, it is necessary to feed the plants with mineral complexes with the obligatory nitrogen content, and it will be useful to combine them with humus.For these purposes, the top layer of leafy earth from a forest belt, removed at a depth of 10 cm, is suitable. It includes rotted leaves and tree branches that have properties useful for horticultural crops.
The use of ready-made fertilizers of industrial production is also shown: they should be applied according to the instructions.
The fertilization schedule corresponds to the stages of the rose's life:
- nutrient mixtures are applied at the end of the first flowering period;
- when the period of repeated flowering has passed, you can alternately feed the roses with mullein infusion and complexes based on minerals;
- at the end of the season, when the last wave of flowering has passed, you can apply fertilizers containing potassium and phosphorus.
Throughout the summer period, alternate foliar treatment with preparations containing useful microelements is recommended, which will not only strengthen the plant, but also protect against diseases to a certain extent. These products include "Kemira lux", "Solution", in which there is a lot of nitrogen, iron, zinc, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, boron, copper, magnesium, etc. Nutritional mixtures, which include potassium humate, are suitable.
Standard roses can be sprayed with solutions in the morning, when the dew dries up, or in the evening - in a proportion of 1 g of the drug per 1 liter of water. All these dressings are also suitable for the treatment of bush roses.
The use of standard roses in garden design
Roses grown on a trunk can enrich the composition of the garden and produce an effect on any background, be it emerald lawns and lawns or sky blue. Neighborhood with less tall bush roses or ground cover roses sets off their lush beauty.
An excellent solution would be to play on contrast, when standard roses of darker color are located next to more delicate and lighter shades - snow-white, lemon-yellow, pinkish Orange flowers look great against a background of white or cream-colored roses. However, one should remember about harmony and avoid excessive color variegation. Therefore, standard roses with flowers of different colors are recommended to be planted separately from other plants.
The timeless classic of landscape design is the Gloria Day standard rose variety, whose voluminous flowers are located at a height of more than 0.9 m, approximately at the eye level of the garden's visitors. It is on the standard trunk that they look especially impressive, this variety is unique and is unlikely to ever yield superiority in the field of decorative qualities.
Not so long ago, there were no standards for the classification of standard roses in landscape design. At the moment, standards have been developed that are recognized throughout the world. According to this classification, there are low-stemmed roses with a height of about 0.6 m; medium-sized, whose height reaches 0.9 m; finally, roses with a height of 1.4 m are classified as high-stemmed ones. As a rule, small-sized varietal varieties are grafted onto low trunks. Medium-sized stems, as a rule, are combined in hybrid tea and polyanthus bushes. But cascading climbing roses are grafted onto tall stems.
The most popular are stems, on which several varieties are grafted at once with different flowering periods. Monochromatic standard roses in the intervals between flowering waves look poor and inconspicuous. Therefore, it is recommended to graft varieties of different qualities on one plant, for example, in the upper part of the trunk - traditional bush varieties, and from below - taking the form of a weeping type.
To protect the boles from destructive infections and overheating, they should be whitewashed after planting.
Standard roses: the most famous varieties
There are a lot of varieties of standard roses, therefore in this section we will consider the recognized favorites of floriculture, which successfully take root in the conditions of the domestic middle zone.
Floribunda variety of roses called "Iceberg" or "Schneewittchen" during the flowering period pleases the eye at first with pale pink buds, which then open, turning into snow-white double flowers. Each of them consists of 30-40 petals and is about 7 cm in diameter. Abundant flowering makes the bush look like a snow cap, covering the contrasting shiny green of the leaves. The height of the bush reaches 1 m.
Stamp roses Iceberg
The hybrid tea variety "Ingrid Bergman" was bred in 1985 and since then has not lost its position as a favorite in the lists of standard roses. It blooms profusely with fragrant medium-sized flowers of a dark red hue. Against the background of dark green glossy foliage, these not very large flowers look bright and contrasting. The variety is resistant to winter cold and disease, which makes it even more popular.
Stamp roses Ingrid Bergman
Shrub rose "Cardinal de Richelieu" strikes with a deep shade of lilac color. Its double fragrant racemose inflorescences look amazing against the background of dark green leathery leaves. This variety has almost no sharp thorns, moreover, it blooms throughout the season, which makes it a favorite of gardeners. Bushes grow up to 1.2 m in height. "Cardinal de Richelieu" tolerates winter well and successfully resists disease.
Standard roses "Cardinal de Richelieu"
"Lily Marlene" is a hybrid tea variety, whose flowers in the process of development change color from almost black at the budding stage to dark red. They do not differ in their large size and strong aroma and, as a rule, have about 25 petals. The green glossy leaves are cast in bronze. The bush grows up to 0.8 m and tolerates bad weather - both rain and bright sun. But "Lily Marlene" cannot boast of disease resistance.
Standard roses "Lily Marlene"
The flowers of the floribunda "Lyons Rose" are distinguished by their increased doubleness and have the shape of a bowl. Their color changes from white and cream at the edges of the petals to apricot at the core. In the process of abundant and prolonged flowering, fragrant inflorescences appear, including 3-5 flowers of a delicate color, which stand out beautifully against the background of dense greenery. Bushes "Lyons Rose" are considered to be of medium height. Despite the fragile appearance of the inflorescences, the plant is distinguished by its ability to tolerate frost well.
Standard roses "Lyons Rose"
The wine-colored Lübecker Rothspon floribunda roses have goblet outlines and volumetric inflorescences. Flowering is abundant and continues until the frost. The bush grows up to 0.6 m and is distinguished by straight, strong shoots.
Stamp roses "Lubecker Rothspon"
Choosing the most varietal varieties for landscape design
The hybrid tea variety "Pascali" refers to tall specimens, its strong straight shoots reach 1.1 m in height. Medium-double flowers (up to 35 petals) are cream-colored and small in size, while contrasting with the background of shiny green foliage. The variety does not have a bright aroma, but its undoubted advantage is its ability to withstand severe frosts and prolonged rains.
"Scarlet Queen Elizabeth" is a variety of floribunda rose with orange-scarlet double flowers. The buds are shaped like hybrid tea varieties, but the flowers form racemose inflorescences. The flowering period is different in duration. The variety is considered one of the best for standard design. The shiny foliage has a beautiful bronze tint. Straight shoots reach 1.2 m in length.
Another representative of floribunda roses is "Flamingo", whose pointed single buds of a pale pink hue become pale pink double flowers (include 25 petals) up to 11 cm in diameter and have a goblet shape. The dark green, glossy foliage hides large, often spaced thorns on the shoots.Variety "Flamingo" is distinguished by the abundance of flowering and the ability to endure frost, but is often affected by some diseases such as powdery mildew.
Floribunda rose "Freesia", also called "Corresia" and "Sunsprite" is distinguished by golden-yellow color of double flowers up to 8 cm in diameter, with a mild aroma. The flowering period is very long. The bush grows up to 0.8m in height.
Also popular in landscape design are hybrid tea varieties: the already famous Gloria Day, Samba. The group of polyanthus roses also has its own favorites - for example, the pink "Fairy".