Pear Moskvichka

Pear Moskvichka is considered a very popular variety. This culture is unpretentious, hardy, and the quality of pears is simply unsurpassed. If you properly care for the plant, provide the culture with all the necessary conditions, then every year you can harvest delicious pears.

Pear Moskvichka: variety description

Pear Moskvichka: photo

The Moskvichka pear variety is considered dessert, the fruits ripen in the fall. The Muscovite is also fast-growing, and the presentation of pears is simply excellent, the fruits can be transported over long distances, the product does not deteriorate for a long time, it is due to this that this variety is considered very popular among gardeners. The fruits are universal, pears can be eaten fresh, as well as processed. The fruit makes a wonderful compote, jam, jam, marmalade and much more. Many housewives dry pears and also prepare candied fruits from them. And this variety was bred, as you might have guessed, in Moscow, at the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Such scientists as S. Popov and S. Chizhov were engaged in breeding. Breeding work was carried out in the last century. These pears are recommended to be grown in the central regions of our country, as well as in the Volga regions. In the Moscow region, of course, this plant is especially intensively grown. In terms of dimensions, the trees are of medium size, the crown of the plants is quite dense and confidently leafy. Young trees are funnel-shaped, but over time the trees acquire a conical crown shape. The bark of young branches is lighter than that of mature ones. Usually skeletal shoots grow slightly at an angle. And the branches are formed quite intensively, they have a curved shape, average length and diameter. Lentils are present on the bark of the plant. The internodes are standard, not very long, and the kidneys are conical in shape, as expected, they are brown in color. The foliage of a pear is of a standard size, oval, with bison at the edges. The skin of the leaf blades is slightly curved, without noticeable omissions. Pear inflorescences gather in beautiful white corollas, and in each such corolla up to 7 flowers can form. They are racemose in shape, and the flowers themselves resemble cups. Fruits ripen on rather thin shoots, both on annuals and adults. Fruit buds usually form at the apex or lateral branches. The pears are not very large, the weight of one fruit is usually not more than 200 g, the fruits are wide pear-shaped in shape. Each pear has beautiful subcutaneous blotches, and the skin has a yellowish green color. Sometimes large spots form on the fruits, but there is no blush on the surface of the pears. The fruits are very juicy, semi-oil-bearing, granulation is mainly visible towards the middle. The aroma of the fruit is fragrant, and the taste is sour sweet. On tasting, gardeners notice that the fruits are very sugary and tasty, always fragrant.

Pear Moskvichka: characteristics

The Moskvichka pear variety usually gives a consistently high yield, even if there are unfavorable conditions for fruiting on the site. From one tree, you can even collect 50 kg of ripe and fragrant pears, usually trees begin to bear fruit at the age of three, and sometimes a little later. Fruits hang on the branches for a very long time, do not crumble, so you can harvest Moskvichka pears when you have free time. And you can easily check the fruits for ripeness: if slight yellowing appears on the peel, then the pears are ripe.However, if you plan on storing the fruit until winter, you will need to harvest the fruit slightly unripe when the skin is light green. Fruits, as we have already noted, ripen on their own indoors and become more tasty and aromatic over time. At room temperature, pears are usually stored for no more than 2 weeks, but in the basement and in the refrigerator, products will lie for months. Yields of this variety are always consistently high, this pear is not afraid of temperature changes, the culture is very hardy to adverse weather events. If we talk about winter hardiness, then this variety has an average one, so you still need to cover the plants for the winter. This is especially true in the middle latitudes of our country. Plants need pollination, therefore, varieties of other pears must necessarily grow nearby, and the plants should bloom at the same time. However, this does not mean that you will have to plant pear plantings on your site, these crops may well be located in the neighboring garden.

Pear Moskvichka: planting and leaving

Pear Moskvichka: photo

Moskvichka pears are usually planted in mid-autumn or late spring. Before planting pears, think about whether other varieties of this culture grow nearby or not, as you remember, this variety is self-fertile. These plants require a lot of sunshine to grow, so it is better to plant pears in a well-lit place, since the taste of the fruit depends on this. Pears also do not like stagnation of moisture, therefore it is undesirable to plant plants in wetlands. Groundwater must also be deep enough. From an excess of moisture, the plant may die. If we talk about the type of soil, then it is best to plant these plants on sandy loam and chernozem soils, the acidity should not be significantly increased. If you plant a plant on sandy soil, then you will need to take care of the crop more intensively, and fertilize it more often. It is undesirable to plant plants on heavy soils, so clayey lands should be avoided. The planting hole is dug in advance, at least 2 weeks before the planned planting date. If you are planting pears in the spring, it is better to prepare the pit in the fall. It should be at least 1 m deep, and the top layer of soil should be cut off when digging out the planting hole. The pit is filled with a specially prepared fertile soil mixture, usually dung or plant humus, sand, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and any other organic matter are added there. Sometimes dolomite flour is also added there. After planting the Moskvichka pear, the tree trunk circle is mulched, and the seedling is watered. Before planting pears, tear off most of the foliage from it so that they do not evaporate moisture, because at first the seedling will need a lot of water, so water the plant in time. It is best to plant the plants at the age of two. After that, it is imperative to cut off the shoots, but the root system cannot be touched at all. The day before the planned date of planting seedlings, the roots must be soaked in water. You can use mullein solution for this. Inside the planting pit, you will need to fill in an earthen mound and put a seedling on it. The root system is straightened carefully so as not to damage the roots. It is best to do all the work together, for that someone held the tree during planting. The rest of the earth is poured into the pit without top dressing, and in order to prevent an air cavity from forming inside, shake the pear slightly during planting. So the earth will evenly fill the voids. The root collar of the seedling should rise above ground level. After you plant the plant, be sure to tamp the soil around the tree. Plants are watered quite intensively. After finishing planting work, tie the seedling to the support. If we talk about leaving, then this variety is not demanding enough.In order for the Muscovite pear to grow and develop normally, do not forget to loosen the trunk circle. The backyard must be clean and free of weeds. The soil surface is mulched with peat, dry humus or manure. The pear of the Moskvichka variety is usually watered once a week, it is best to do this either early in the morning or late in the evening. It is especially necessary to water the plants intensively in the summer, when the pear bears fruit. And water-charging irrigation is carried out in the fall, before wintering. Pear is fed from the age of two. In early spring, it is recommended to apply ammonium nitrate or any other organic fertilizer to the soil. Once every 3 years, it is recommended to feed the pear with superphosphate, potassium sulfate, compost or humus. In order for the seedling to adapt normally, it is recommended to cut off all flower buds in the first year, so that the pear directs all its forces to the formation of the root system and shoots. During the growing season, trees are pruned. However, this is done before the buds open. The branches are shortened by 1/3, so they normally recover and develop. The crown can be formed at will, but the central conductor will still dominate. Shoots growing inward, as well as deformed branches and diseased leaves, are also recommended to be removed. Sometimes the crown may suffer after wintering, so sanitary pruning of trees is simply necessary. Usually no more than one quarter of the total number of crown shoots is cut, so the tree will not be exposed to any stress. If you will remove adult shoots, then this should be done under the base, it is not recommended to leave stumps. And if we talk about the frost resistance of the Moskvichka pear, then this culture is quite resistant. However, in late autumn, it is recommended to loosen the soil around the tree and mulch with dry humus or compost. The base of the tree is wrapped in breathable materials, and so that hares and mice do not bother the pear, the stamp is covered with special nets or spruce branches. Plants usually recover well after wintering.

Pests and diseases

The Moskvichka pear has a high resistance to diseases and pests, but trees sometimes suffer from scab and fruit rot. And in order to protect plants from these and other diseases, you need to inspect the plants in a timely manner and treat the trees in a comprehensive manner, and at least three times a year. To do this, use drugs such as Bordeaux liquid, urea solution and other means. You can also buy ready-made solutions in a specialized store. If you want to treat the plant from a fungal infection, then do it before the buds open. You can use iron or copper sulfate for this.

If we talk about the pests that are most dangerous for the Moskvichka pear variety, then we should mention the pear honeydew, green aphids, pear mites and some other pests. Insects are also fought mainly by spraying plants. This is usually done three times: before flowering, in early spring, and after the first ovaries appear. You can also use folk remedies for pest control, for example, use a decoction of garlic, a solution of green soap and some other drugs. The larvae of many pests can be destroyed by spraying pear foliage with tobacco dust, decoction of chamomile, dandelion and some other herbs. Often the Moskvichka pear is treated with colloidal sulfur, but it should be borne in mind that it is possible to combat pests by improving agrotechnical methods for caring for the plant.

If you take proper care of the Moskvichka pear, she will not be afraid of any pests and diseases. Do not forget about sanitary pruning, remove all diseased shoots in time, and also clean the plant stamp from diseased, old bark.Also, be sure to collect and destroy the wormy carrion. The exfoliated bark in late autumn is also recommended to be removed and burned along with the fallen leaves. The base of the plant, as well as the lower parts of the skeletal shoots, are recommended to be whitened. In conclusion, we note that the Moskvichka pear has excellent characteristics; with good care, this tree will give you ripe and aromatic fruits that are useful for both adults and children. Remember, Moskvichka pears, like apples, are a storehouse of trace elements and vitamins.