Swimsuit (Trollius)

Trollius is a perennial herbaceous flower, a dicotyledonous free petal plant (buttercup family). In its natural habitat, it grows in Eurasia, in the area of ​​North America. Interestingly, in the Eastern part of Europe, culture grows in fields and near rivers, and in the Western part, 90% of the bathing suit is found in the mountains. In Asia, this flower is found everywhere, with the exception of the southern side. North America, although it is included in the list of Trollius growth areas, there are only a few types of swimwear. According to unverified data, the name "Trollius", although spelled correctly in Latin, was formed from German and means "troll flower". There is a version that this name originated from the more ancient word "Troll" (ball), and is associated with the external forms and characteristics of the plant. "Kupalnitsa" is attached to the plant in its habitat, and the culture chooses well-moistened places. On average, about 29 species of this plant are officially recognized.

Features of the plant.

The leaf plate has cuts reaching about half the width, or, in other words, they have a finger-dissected shape. The swimsuit begins to bloom from the second year from the moment of planting. During the first 365 days, the trollius develops a root bundle of leaves. In the second year, the plant produces a flower arrow with leaves on the upper third, and it ends with a flower. On the shoot there are lower leaves with a petiole due to which they are attached and upper sessile leaf plates, the former are larger in size than the latter. Quite often, lateral shoots are formed on the plant, which, like the main ones, have flowers, their dimensions decrease in size closer to the top. The shape of the flower is spherical, and the bud can open fully or half. The color is bright - lemon or orange, there is a rolling color from marsh to yellow, the flower consists of five to twenty sepals and a corolla perianth. The honey glands of the plant are located at the base of the corolla of the petals. The scent of the swimsuit is not saturated, but delicate, easily perceptible and attracts bees and other insects. Under natural conditions, the culture is propagated by black oval seeds, which are formed in the seed in the form of a ball.

Landing in open areas.

Sowing seeds.

Growing the described culture from seeds, first of all, they are hardened, simulating winter conditions corresponding to the growing region.

The procedure is approximately as follows:

- In the fall, the seeds are placed in a container.

- They put them in a dark place without heating and take them out in the spring.

This method allows the seeds to stratify on their own and naturally, you will notice seedlings by spring. This method is not very popular, but it has a place to be. In most cases, gardeners collect ripe seeds, mix them with well-moistened sand, and pour all this mass into a plastic bag and place it on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. There they are stored for 12 to 16 weeks, while the air temperature should be in the range of two to four degrees. After a specified period of time, the seeds are sown, this action occurs at the beginning of spring. The container with the planted seeds is placed in a place where the air temperature is on average 20 degrees.Future bathers germinate rather slowly, the first seedlings can be seen after four to six weeks. Seedlings must be placed so that direct sunlight does not fall on them, and the soil must not be allowed to dry out. The transplant is carried out after the formation of the second leaf plate, it is important to observe a distance sufficient for the normal development of the plant, it is about 9 cm. The swimsuit is transferred to the open ground in August.

Landing rules.

In the natural conditions of its growth in the wild, the flower adapts perfectly and grows both in shady zones and in sunny areas. However, when choosing this plant for growing in your garden, give preference to the sunnier side, taking into account a sufficient amount of land, as shrubs and trees can provide shade. The bather reacts very positively to the soil, consisting of several minerals with a sufficient humus content, it is also important to choose not heavy loamy. The acidity of the soil is preferably neutral. If the soil in your garden is not rich in trace elements and has poor fertility indicators, it is worth adding a mixture of peat and humus to it, which will help the earth retain water longer and absorb it easier. For one square meter of land, add five kilograms of the mixture.

First of all, before planting, pits are dug, between each of them there is a distance of 30 - 40 cm. To transfer the seedlings to the prepared hole, they are taken out of the pot with a lump of earth or grown immediately in peat containers. The trollius does not like to change the place of its growth, so if there is no need to transfer it, it can grow in the same place for up to 10 years. The first flowering in a swimsuit grown with seedlings occurs after three, and sometimes four years.

Care.

Newly planted young plants need good systematic watering; throughout the first month, the young swimsuit is protected from direct sunlight. A culture planted on the sunny side by two years stretches to sixty centimeters. In the opposite case, on the shady side, plants of the same age will be taller and reach 90 cm, and the leaf plates and their petioles will be longer. Based on such characteristic features of the culture, you can adjust the landscape of your site. In addition, growing the swimsuit in the shade, you will get fewer flowers, and their color will be less bright.

In the shady area, the plant, in principle, develops worse, the swimsuit will reach its maximum performance under such conditions only by the age of six or seven, and first of all, the lack of light will manifest itself on the splendor during the flowering period, and the dull color of the flowers.

The scheme of irrigation and nutrition of the crop.

The culture needs abundant watering at any age, this is especially important during periods of dry and sultry summer. For irrigation, only room temperature water is suitable, in no case, not cold of the well type, it is also necessary to defend it. Experienced flower growers and summer residents put barrels to collect rainwater, during the day the container heats up, a natural process is obtained, and saving your time.

After the soil has been moistened, it must be loosened and, if necessary, weeds are removed.

It will not be superfluous to nourish the shrub, for this, one teaspoon of urea is dissolved in ten liters of water and added at the same time when the culture is watered. For the same purposes and proportions, Nitrofoska is used. They feed the swimsuit during the period of bud opening, and immediately before the beginning of the flowering period.

Reproduction and transplantation to a new place.

There are two ways to breed the Swimsuit:

1. The seeds are extremely uncomfortable, and poorly distributed.
2. Division, let us consider it more similarly.

The process is performed from late summer or early autumn, one plant specimen is divided no more than once every five years.For this breeding method, only absolutely healthy and already developed shrubs not less than five years old are selected. Such specimens already have a sufficient amount of resources to adapt to a new place, since the swimsuit as a whole reacts negatively to the transplant. Even with these selection criteria, the plant experiences division stress.

The "parent" is dug out of the ground, carefully, trying not to damage the root system. After extraction, the roots are cleaned of soil and washed in warm, non-chlorinated water. Further, for disinfection, they are treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and the swimsuit is divided into several parts with a sharp knife. It is important to have at least a couple of rooted outlets. The cut site must be treated with potassium permanganate or ash diluted in water. After all the above manipulations, the seedling is placed in a previously prepared hole, leaving the distance between the plants from thirty to forty centimeters. The root collar is placed in the soil by 0.2 - 0.3 cm, the remaining foliage is cut or torn off. The new leaves will fully grow back in two weeks.

Preparing for winter.

The bather has very high frost resistance indicators, in accordance with such data, the plant does not need additional shelter in the winter. With the onset of autumn and until October, the leaf plates die off; upon completion of this natural process, they are cut off, leaving only petioles above the earth's surface, up to three centimeters in size. Such manipulation is performed in order to protect the bud, which is located in the center of the outlet, and it is from it that the peduncle will grow next season.

Diseases and parasites.

Trollius, in addition to being resistant to cold weather, is practically not susceptible to diseases or parasites. But there are rare exceptions. In most cases, the causes of damage are inappropriate care, as a result of which the plant becomes infected with fungal diseases. When a disease is detected, the infected parts of the bush or the entire swimsuit are first removed and burned. To avoid the disease of neighboring plants, the top layer of the soil is treated with a fungicidal preparation. It is important to find the cause of the infection and eliminate it.

Types and varieties.

Many varieties of trollius are grown by gardeners, let's look at the most popular of them.

Ledebouri (ledebourii).

This species is the leader among all in terms of frost resistance. The Ledebour Swimsuit stretches up to one meter. The natural habitat of this flower is in China, Eastern Russia, Japan, northern Asia and Mongolia. Leaves are dissected with petioles, which are attached to the trunk. The stem is long, erect, foliage is located on its upper one third. The diameter of the opened flower varies from five to six cm, the color is orange, nectaries of different lengths, but equally thin, stretch out slightly above the stamens.

Ledebura varieties.

1. Bather Goliath with flowers, rather large for the species, 70 mm in diameter, a distinctive feature in the color of the nectary, it is faded - rusty, and the anthers are black - orange.
2. A seventy centimeter bush of the Lemon Queen variety, decorates the garden with rich lemon flowers, reaching a diameter of four centimeters.
3. Leitball. A variety with medium-sized spherical flowers, the diameter of which does not exceed 5 cm, black-orange color with a lighter core. The height of the plant is slightly more than half a meter.
4. At the bottom of the list is Orange King, very similar to Lemon Queen, but slightly smaller. Its height is 0.5 m, and the flower is 5 cm in diameter.

Asian (asiaticus).

The Asiatic bather is found in Mogolia, on the northern side of the Ural Mountains, Siberia and in the west of Central Asia. In our country, trollies asiaticus is known as "light" and "hot". This is perennial species, the root system of which consists of adventitious roots collected in a bunch. The leaf plates reach 30 cm, but the average size is 25 cm. The form is palmate, divided into five parts. The straight and upright peduncle reaches 0.5 m.The flowers are in the shape of a ball, habitual for a swimsuit, about five centimeters in diameter. The color of the petals is orange, the sepals are pumpkin-colored. It is this species, according to the descriptions of gardeners, is considered the most attractive in appearance. They began to grow it on their own in 1759. The Asian swimsuit has terry subspecies, distinguished by a large number of sepals.

European (europaeus).

The natural growth zone of the species is located in the steppes of Europe, Scandinavia, as well as in the interval between the Ural Mountains and the Yenisei channel. The dimensions of the bush can vary depending on the external conditions of growth, thus, in the middle latitudes its height is about 80 cm, and in the tundra only 20 - 30 cm. The leaves are attached to the petioles in the "rosette". The leaf plates have an attractive and non-standard appearance. The leaf shape is a rhombus, the edges with sharp teeth create an openwork pattern. The stem is most often straight, but also branched, foliage is located only in the upper one-third of the stem. The flowers are medium-sized for a swimsuit and are 50 mm in diameter, the shape is spherical, the smell is not strong, but pleasant. On one bush, about 10 - 20 sepals are formed, the color varies from yellow - gold to lemon. This species has been cultivated since the sixteenth century and is divided into two varieties:

- Garden form, the color of its buds is lemon

- There is no definite accepted name, but with larger buds and flowers and a rich yellow color.

Highest (altissimus).

In its natural habitat, it grows in Western Europe and in the Carpathian Mountains. Kupalnitsa Vysochaishaya chooses high-grass mountain meadows with a high level of humidity for growth. Basal rosette of large size, consists of marsh-green leaves, which are attached by petioles and reach 6 cm in length. The shape of a leaf plate, dissected with characteristic notches along the edges, there are clearly pronounced veins. The stem extends up to 1.5 meters, with a branched structure. The bush gives up to seven shoots from one stem sinus, on the tops of which lemon-marsh buds with a cream tint are formed, the diameter of the opened flower is 6 cm.

Altai (altaicus).

The Altai bathhouse grows in the territories of Mongolia, China, the Altai Territory, in the interval from the Ural Mountains to the Yenisei, as well as in Central Asia. The leaf plates are of the same shape and fit as in the Asian swimsuit, reaching a height of thirty centimeters. The stem can be either simple or branched, the length varies from 80 to 90 cm on which sessile leaves are located. The flowers are composed of about 15 sepals, the shape of a sphere, 5 cm in diameter, the color is lemon-gold or orange, the nectaries are tawny-orange. The anthers are lilac in color. It has been grown on the territory of our country since 1874.

Cultural (cultorum).

This species is a collection of almost all garden representatives of the swimsuit, a distinctive feature of natural varieties is a brighter color and larger flowers.

The most popular varieties:

1. Goldkwell adorns the garden with 6 cm lemon-yellow flowers.
2. The sixty-centimeter Orange Princess bush is covered with orange-orange flowers, up to 5 cm in diameter.
3. Fire Globe. The characteristics of the bush are almost the same as the Orange Princess, the sepals are red-orange.
4. The owners of large white - cream flowers are Alabaster.
5. Black and yellow flowers bloom on Erlist of Oil and are 4 cm across.