Golden currant: description, cultivation

The article presents the Golden currant: a description of the variety, the rules of cultivation, care, protection, reproduction.

This variety is one of the most unpretentious, nevertheless it has an expressive appearance and a rather pleasant taste.
Many gardeners believe that the variety was obtained by merging gooseberries and currants. Golden currants are very popular compared to other types.

Before planting it, you need to study all the information about the crop being planted.

Golden currant: description of the appearance of the variety

Golden currant: description of the appearance of the variety

This species belongs to the gooseberry family. The main distinguishing feature is that the bushes produce a good harvest and are very easy to care for.

It happens that gardeners confuse golden currants with yoshta because of the peculiar shape of the leaves. Yoshta is a mixture of currants and gooseberries. This variety was originally bred in the United States, where shrubs are quite common, they settle on cliff slopes and river banks.

The variety migrated to our region at the end of the 19th century.
In Russia, golden currant was not in demand for a long time, until the famous biologist I. Michurin took up it.
This scientist made a significant contribution to the spread of the golden currant species. It was these experiments that became the key to the success of the further spread of this variety.

This culture can be found in any continent with a variety of climate conditions. The variety knows how to adapt to any whims of nature.

The plant at this stage is used in a variety of industries.

The variety of golden currants can now be found in the following countries:
" Czech Republic
»England
»Asia
»Belarus, etc.

Golden currant: description of the features of the species

Golden currant: description of the features of the species

The bush blooms with golden flowers, for which it received such a beautiful name. The shrub is perennial, which means that the owners will be able to enjoy its beauty and delicious berries for a long time.

Currant Golden: photo and description of the botanical characteristics of the culture

Currant Golden: photo and description of the botanical characteristics of the culture

Bush. It has a large number of stems, little branching, grows no more than 3 meters in length. The number of shoots in the center is much greater than at the edges. The branches are straight in length at 2.5 meters. When the berries appear, the branches tilt towards the ground. There may be a little fluff on the bark, the bark has a red pigment.

Root system. The roots go down to a depth of 2 meters, they are quite strong. If the shrubs grow for the first couple of years, then the roots go no more than 0.5 meters. The root system can be horizontal. Most of the rhizome is at the top.

Foliage. Similar to gooseberry foliage.They are green in color, 5 lobes per leaf, wedge-shaped base. The length of the leaf does not exceed 5 cm.

Berries. They are in the form of a drop, oval or rounded-oval shape. The color of the berries is black. Length no more than a centimeter. The taste is similar to blueberries. There are burgundy, orange or yellow fruits. The berries weigh no more than 3 grams. The rind has a dense texture. The pulp leaves behind a blueberry or nutmeg flavor.

Flowers. They have a yellow tint, in the form of tubes, have a delicate and pleasant aroma. There are about 15 flowers on one head. The length is not more than 2 cm. The stamen of the flower has a red or green pigment. Small petals.

Variety characteristics

The shrub blooms for a long time, about a month, starting from the end of May. Fruits appear on the 3rd year of the plant's life. A large and abundant number of berries appears on average after 6 years.
After the flowers wither, the berries appear in 35-40 days. Flowers attract honey insects. The bees get a lot of nectar from the bushes.

To obtain a high yield, you need to plant 3 types of this currant at the same time. Up to 15 kg of fruit comes out from one shrub.
Every year the shoots grow by 30 cm.

Golden currant: varieties, varieties

A certain variety is chosen in accordance with the climate and certain characteristics.

There are the following varieties of varieties:

Muscat variety. Ripens in medium terms. Small shrubs. The flowers are yellow and large in size. The berries have a taste of honey and nutmeg, black in color, rather large and sweet. Up to 7 kg of fruit can be harvested from a shrub.

Shafak. Ripens in medium terms, have a low height. The bush is resistant to hot weather, cold weather. He is not afraid of diseases and harmful bacteria. The tops of the stems hang down. The brushes are 4 cm long. There are many berries on the branches. They have a dark burgundy color with pubescence. From a bush, you can collect up to 8 kg of berries. The fruits contain a slight sourness.

Golden currant: varieties, varieties

Isabel. The shrubs are quite tall, the branches are not spreading. Berries are black-brown with sourness. The variety is distinguished by its high resistance to diseases and pests. There can be up to 6 kg of fruit on a bush. The berries weigh 2 grams.

Ermak. Mid-season variety. It has bright yellow flowers with a pleasant aroma. Shrubs are tall and dense. The fruits have a sweet and sour taste and weigh no more than 2 grams. Productivity - about 8 kg per bush.

Laysan. The variety is resistant to drought, frost and heat. Shrubs are of medium size. The fruits resemble gooseberries in their shape, have a golden color. There are about 6 berries on the tassels. They have a slightly sour taste. Currants bear fruit, 8 kg per bush. The variety is well transportable.

Silver grade. The bush has few branches, it has a height of under 2.5 meters. The berries weigh no more than 2 grams. The crop is harvested in July, its amount is 6 kg.

Kishmish variety. Earlier maturing look. The bush spreads its branches widely. Currants do not exceed 2 meters in height. The fruits are heart-shaped, black and small in size. The specific gravity is 4 grams. The crop is obtained from one bush of about 10 kg. Currant has a sweet and sour taste. There are several varieties of this variety: black berries, oval-shaped and crimson fruits, and others.

The sun of Siberia. The variety has good protective properties, tolerates the winter period favorably. Shrub high. The berries are gold or amber. They are harvested in the middle of the second month of summer. The fruits weigh 1 gram, have a light taste of freshness, with a slight sourness.

Michurinsky variety. Mid-season species. The bushes are very tall, have straight shoots. The berries have a pleasant smell, rounded shape, maroon pigment. The berries are sour-sweet to taste. The fruits weigh about 2 grams.

Black Pearl. Shrubs are small, with few branches, up to a meter long. The variety rises early and is frost-resistant.The maximum weight of one berry reaches 6 grams. In the palate, there is a blueberry aftertaste with a slight sourness. The berries are black. The yield of one bush reaches 4.5 kg.

Venus. The variety is resistant to temperature changes from +30 to -40 degrees. From one bush, you can collect about 8 kg of berries. Shoots have a little fluff, are small in size. Berries are black, rounded. They have a slight but pleasant sourness. There are 6 fruits on the branches. The peel has a thin layer.

Amber grade. The berries weigh 1.5 grams and have a bright orange color. One bush gives 8 kg of harvest. The berries are sweet with a slight sourness.

»Caucasian variety. There are 2 varieties here:
1) The berries are black, give off a pleasant aroma, have a sweet and sour aftertaste. The bushes are vigorous with a diameter of a little more than a centimeter.
2) This species has bushes less than 2 meters in size. Berries are not more than 1.5 cm long, brown pigment.

Golden currant: a description of the correct selection of seedlings

When choosing a certain variety, you need to build on the degree of coldness in the area of ​​residence. When planting golden currants in the central regions of Russia, the variety is chosen so that the frost resistance is up to -40.

When determining which seedlings are suitable, choose planting material with an age of 2 years. The seedling should be well developed, namely, the roots should have about 5 branches with a length of 0.2 meters, attention is also paid to the fibrous roots.

The seedlings should not be damaged, the presence of diseases and harmful bacteria, the roots should not be dry with rot. On a bush, all branches must be intact. The presence of 2 shoots 0.3-0.4 meters long will be a positive quality. If the seedlings lay idle all day in the sun, then they will no longer fit for planting. During transportation, the seed must be wrapped with a damp cloth, if the root system is damaged, then it must be cut.
Planting material should be purchased from trusted stores and nurseries specializing in the industry.

What is needed to grow golden currants

An experienced gardener can handle such a task and is not very scary. The main thing to do for success is to get good quality seedlings and plant them fairly accurately.
More space should be left for the bushes, as they can spread up to 2 meters wide.

Best climatic conditions

This variety of currants is suitable for the central part of our country, as well as for the regions of the south. In severe frosts exceeding 40 degrees, most likely the shrubs will freeze. For this species, it is easier to endure hot weather than cold.

Currant Golden: description, planting dates

Planting currants is carried out in the autumn or spring. If you plant seedlings in the fall, then it is best to plant them before the onset of frost, around September-October.
For example, in spring, seedlings are planted very early, immediately after the ground thaws.
Selection of the landing scheme and landing site
This variety is considered by scientists to be one of the unpretentious, it is able to survive in the most difficult climatic conditions, where another species would have died long ago.

What to rely on when choosing a location for landing:
1. Light. Here, plants do not care to be in the open sun or in the shade.
2. Relief. Can be planted on level ground and also planted on a slight slope. The site must be selected in the west or southwest.
It is best to keep the bushes on the windless side.

Use on the farm

It can be planted in the area that is planned to be fenced off. You need to step back from the fence about a meter.
Environmental factor.
It is worth planting in cities with large industrial centers.
Priming.
It grows in any soil: from wet to dry, acidic or alkaline soil.
Important: that the groundwater is no higher than a meter above the surface.

Planting scheme of golden currant

For a successful harvest, you need to adhere to the following rules:

1. The earth is dug into the depth with a shovel;
2. The area is cleared of weeds;
3. Before planting, the soil must be fertilized 15-20 days before planting. For fertilization, 30 g of potassium salt and 7 kg of compost are used;
4. Wood ash is laid out on the sown area;
5. Dig a hole 50x50 cm;
6. Prepare soil mix in advance. It is poured into the pit in this order - 1) humus; 2) the earth that was dug out of the hole; superphosphate - 0.2 kg;
7. You can additionally add ammonium phosphate nitrate by mixing it with earth.
8. The roots of the planting material are immersed in water for 2 days. If the seedlings have closed roots, then they need to be well watered, so that later it will be easier to remove them from the containers.
9. The planting material is immersed in the ground and the soil mixture is distributed from above so that the root collar goes 5 cm deep. This measure will ensure the appearance of additional roots. For better root formation, the plant is placed with an angular slope. Vertical placement increases the likelihood that the seedling will not sprout new stems.
10. The soil should be tamped firmly near the trunk.
11. After all the manipulations, the currants are watered. A three-year-old seedling will need 4 buckets of liquid for irrigation.
12. Planting material must be cut, no more than 7 buds should remain on it.
13. Experienced gardeners recommend planting this variety of currants in the pits, since the seedlings planted in the furrows will interlock with the roots.

The first crop can already be harvested next year.

Distinctive features of care

Taking care of this variety is the same as for any other type of currant.
Distinctive features are the care measures and the degree of endurance.

Irrigation

Young bushes are watered once every 7 days. Older plants may not be watered very often. During the growing period, you need to water the bushes on average 5 times. The main thing is that the currants are moistened at the time of the formation of the berries. Water should not fall on the foliage; it is poured into pre-dug trenches. For a young one bush, two buckets are enough, and for one old one, three buckets. Large areas are irrigated by rain, pre-setting a certain head.

For hardening, shrubs are rarely irrigated before budding and after the fall of foliage. On hot summer days, the plant is watered constantly, since with a lack of moisture, the bushes will bear fruit poorly.

Fertilizer use

Currants do not require excessive use of fertilizer mixtures. If humus is added to the soil when planting plants, then it will last for about two years. After the expiration of the term, the bushes need to be supplied with top dressing. A mixture is made from bird droppings and special fertilizers and poured into dug trenches.

In the spring, golden currants are fed with fertilizers containing nitrogen, in autumn they are fed with humus using wood ash, you can also fertilize one bush with four kg of mineral fertilizers, with the addition of potassium sulphide in the amount of two teaspoons and 0.12 kg of superphosphate.

Digging between row space

They perform manipulations between the rows in the fall. The main criterion is weighty and dense soil. If the soil is light, then a simple loosening of the earth will be quite sufficient measure. Near the trunk, the soil is loosened no more than 5 cm so as not to hurt the root system. Moving away from the center, you can deepen by 12 cm.

How to weed

The unnecessary grass is harvested at any convenient time. For sufficient circulation of oxygen in the roots, it is necessary to loosen the soil in the area located near the trunk after watering.
Weed between rows one time at a time in autumn and spring. Peat or sawdust mulching should be carried out in near-trunk circles. After six years, the bushes will grow strongly, the branches will be spreading and the need for weeding will disappear.

Formation of shrubs

Before the buds swell, the branches of the currant are cut off; in the fall, this process occurs after the foliage falls.
A good harvest can be obtained already in the third year of planting. At first, after planting, the bush is not cut off; this should be done for 2 years of plant life. Shoots grow well up to the age of 6 years.

Golden currant: a description of pruning bushes

For better and more active growth, it is necessary to remove the shoots near the root, which are very flimsy and weak. When shoots do not appear at the roots, this indicates that the bush is beginning to age. In the spring, one-year-old shoots located near the root are removed. To remove them, you need to cut off the shoot at the base with garden shears. This measure is necessary so that the bushes are not very dense. When processing the growth, 5 strong branches are left. When harvesting the growth, the currants get younger.

For the appearance of new branches next year in the first month of summer, you need to pinch the tops of the shoots near the roots. Branches will emerge from them, which will bring the harvest.

Dry and aching branches should be removed annually. The shrub will complete its full formation in 5 years. It should have about 20 branches of different ages. After 12 years, you need to prune in order to rejuvenate the plant.

Sanitary handling measures

To avoid negative pests and diseases, you need to occasionally carry out prevention of their appearance.
Until the moment you are about to cut the bushes, they need to be watered with water at a temperature of +80 degrees. This measure is relevant if the bush does not let the juice. For one bush, you need to use 1 bucket of liquid.

Nitrofen and Karbofos are used before the budding process. When foliage appears, the plant is sprayed with Fundazol and Bordeaux solution.

After pruning the branches, the near-stem area is sprayed with Karbofos.

It is necessary to constantly monitor and care for the plant: destroy sick and withered branches, remove old leaves.
It is quite easy to propagate the variety as it is easy to propagate.

How to propagate currants

Method 1 - Green cuttings
In the second month of summer, you need to cut the shoots by 11 cm by cutting out the core. Then put it in a stimulator for half a day. Over time, we plant the cutting to a depth of about 2 cm.

Method 2 - Wood cuttings
Shoots are taken from last year and in the spring they are planted in the soil or greenhouse at 45 degrees at an angle, observing the distance between seedlings of 0.2 meters. Two buds are brought to the surface.
Cover with spunbond from above until foliage appears. In the autumn, they are planted in the final place.

Method 3 - Layers
In the spring, a two-year-old shoot is chosen on the main bush. They plant him in a trench, leaving 0.2 meters of a bush on top.

Method 4 - Seeds
Experienced experts do not plan to use this method. Planting material that will be grown from seeds will not inherit the characteristics of the variety.

Method 5 - Bush division
The roots are divided into parts, having previously dug out the shrub from the soil in autumn or spring. The selected parts are planted in the recesses. Having rammed, the bush is left until September and transported.

To plant a stalk in the spring, it must be prepared in advance in the fall so that it can brew over the winter: the cut sections are immersed in pre-melted paraffin. The branches are wrapped in a cloth and placed in a plastic bag. The structure is lowered into the ground under the snow until the spring. It is customary to propagate golden currants in a horizontal position.

Disease and pest control

If you take care of golden currants incorrectly, then rot, rust and more may appear on the leaves. But this phenomenon occurs extremely rarely, mostly bushes are not susceptible to disease due to good immunity.

Pest classification and control methods

Anthracnose is a disease characterized by brown spots appearing on the leaves. The foliage is crumbling.After flowering, the bushes are sprayed with gray colloidal one percent and 3% Nitrafen.

Destruction of aphid leaves. The shoots change shape, the sheets roll into tubes. After the flowering period, the leaves are sprayed with Karbofos.

Powdery mildew is a disease due to which the fungus damages the plant and leaves a coating in the form of flour. Shrubs do not yield, grow poorly. For prevention purposes, spraying is carried out using three percent Nitrafenome.

Septoria is accompanied by damage to the leaves, they are covered with whitish spots. The foliage falls off and dries up. Treatment measures are identical to the first disease.

Currant spider mite. The foliage dries up, the fruits appear at a later date. The leaves turn brown in May, and then turn white. You can make garlic infusion or sulfur preparations to combat.

Kidney mite. At the tops, the leaves curl into tubes. The kidneys are swollen. During flowering, they are treated with gray colloidal.

Collection and storage of fruits

Crop in different species blooms unstably. This is not such a big problem. Fully ripe, the fruits do not fall, but are on the bush until frost appears. The berries are taken slowly a small amount or wait until everything is ripe and collect the entire crop in one go.

Before processing, the shrub is pruned. On the first side, tails are removed, and on the second side, flowers that have dried up.

Golden currant: description of the use of culture

Golden currant is an integral part in landscape design. Bushes are able to decorate any garden and vegetable garden. Shrubs yield up to 6 kg of yield, decorate the planting area and do not need particularly careful care.

In the United States, golden currants are more common than in our country. This is due to the fact that this variety has not gained much popularity in Russia. These bushes do not carry powdery mildew, for example, like their close relatives - black currant. The fruits of this variety are filled with a high content of vitamins A and B, have less acids and vitamin C.

Berries are used in the preparation of wine drinks, jams, compotes and liqueurs. Golden currants are often used in dessert dishes, and berries are also frozen. The fruit is very sweet in taste and has a high glucose content.

The use of a plant for decorative purposes

The bushes attract the attention of landscape designers during the blooming of flowers, and they also look great in autumn weather, when they are covered with red, yellow and brown leaves.
The variety is used as a hedge. Bushes can be grown by cutting off the side shoots.

Positive and negative traits

What are the pluses:
1. Unpretentious care;
2. Strong immunity;
3. Resistance to severe frosts; The cold only damages the shoots from above;
4. Neutral to hot weather. The plant does not threaten anything at +40 degrees temperature;
5. Abrupt climate change is not critical;
6. The variety is late-ripening;
7. Able to grow in any soil;
8. You can even plant on mountain slopes;
9. High level of fertility.

Minuses:
1. If you rarely water the bushes and feed them, it is likely that the ovaries will crumble.
2. When picking berries, liquid flows out of them;
3. If the spring was with frequent rains, then most likely due to the presence of excessive moisture, cracks will appear on the fruits.
4. Young foliage is not used in brewing tea, since the high content of hydrocyanic acid can harm the human body.
5. Shoots often do not have time to complete the growth process completely before frost, as a result of which they freeze.

Currant Golden: reviews of gardeners

1) Venus and Shafak are best planted in calm areas. Plants are strong, frost-resistant, it is beautiful to observe a large number of flowers on a bush during flowering.
2) The Isabella variety is not watered, it grows by itself.I use it as a hedge, since I like the taste of black currant more.

Conclusion

The golden currant will gain its fame in the near future. This variety will appeal to gardeners who do not like to mess with fertilizers and other things. Due to the high resistance to pests, you do not have to bother once again with methods of treating shrubs.
But if there is a desire to get the maximum amount of fruits from the bushes, then you will have to approach more responsibly in caring for the plant.

Currant Golden description