Application of peanuts
Peanuts are annual herbaceous plants that grow to a height of sixty centimeters. The stem is branched. In some varieties of peanuts, it can be erect or creeping on the ground. The leaves have a complex appearance, paired, have a downy, are located on long petioles, reaching a length of up to eleven centimeters. Peanuts bloom with flowers, they are orange or yellow in color. The flower does not live for a long time, it is one-day, after it has been fertilized, it dies off, and its pedicel on which there is an ovary in a couple of days begins to grow again, first it grows vertically upward, and then smoothly turns and directs its growth downward, carrying that the most at the end of the fertilized ovary. As soon as the pedicel reaches the soil, it penetrates into it up to ten centimeters in depth and its growth stops there, and a fruit begins to form from the ovary underground, therefore this plant received a second name, such as a peanut. The fruits of this plant are non-expanding beans, usually either cylindrical or cocoon-shaped in shape. One bean usually contains two to four seeds. Its roots are very powerful, they go to a depth of one and a half meters and to the sides up to a meter. Few people know, but the use of peanuts is possible not only for food, but also for medicinal purposes.
The nut originated in Brazil. For industry, it is grown on plantations in India, China, Japan and other countries. The largest areas are planted in Africa.
For the first time in Russia, this plant appeared in the Odessa Botanical Garden. Mainly grown in areas such as the Transcaucasia, the North Caucasus, Ukraine and other countries. Peanuts are drought-resistant plants, they are very fond of moisture, heat and light. It usually blooms for a long time, from about mid-June to the first frost.
The use of peanuts for food and medicinal purposes
The use of peanuts is possible in various variations.
Peanut fatty oil is made from peanuts, which is used along with almond, sunflower and sesame for medical purposes for parenteral dosage forms. Peanut seeds are used in the manufacture of the emulsion as a substitute for sweet almonds.
Peanut oil is used in the margarine, canning and soap industries. Waste from production goes to the manufacture of halva, and flour goes to the manufacture of confectionery, for example, for the production of chocolate, cocoa and others. The candies are made from peanut beans. Generally, beans are used as a substitute for almonds.
Common food uses of peanuts are also popular. It contains a high amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and various vitamins that carry the nutritional value of this culture.
The proteins in peanuts are very digestible. They contain very important amino acids, which are even irreplaceable.
The seeds of peanuts contain almost twenty-five percent of carbohydrates, in contrast to other oil plants, among which the bulk of them are starch, sugar and pectin substances.
Peanut oil is one of the best vegetable oils that contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
The use of peanuts is usually to make peanut butter. It is usually transparent in color, has its own characteristic taste and is very widespread in the confectionery and canning industry. The peanut seed cakes, which are left over from the oil extraction, make a very nutritious food flour. This peanut flour is used to make cocoa, sweets, chocolates.In order to increase the nutritional value, it is added to wheat and corn flour in order, for example, to bake a delicious cake or biscuit.
