Formation of a bush of grapes

Without the necessary experience, it is impossible to carry out the formation of a grape bush. Because you can harm him. Although this is not the most difficult process, there is still some information that needs to be studied to complete it.

A grape is a plant that looks like a vine. While developing, it begins to cling to various support, as if enveloping it. Usually trees serve as this support. Separately taken grapes can grow up to 8-12 meters in height, if there is the necessary support for it. But it should be borne in mind that the higher the grapes, the weaker they are. Consequently, the less harvest it can bring. And if you want to have a bush that will bear the harvest, you should monitor the growth of the grapes.

Note: Pruning the branches makes the grapes stronger. Do not be afraid to harm the plant by cutting it. The grapes have a wonderful characteristic. It's called regeneration. That is, the bush will recover very quickly. If you do not cut it, then, on the contrary, it will become very weak. This is exactly what will harm him.

Before the very formation of grapes, several categories of plants should be studied.

1. Annual species. These are green leaves and flowers.
2. Biennial view. The vine becomes brown. And also shoots begin to grow, which will bring crops.
3. Perennial species. This type of plant has dark branches. There is a fringe on the bark. Such a plant has a large number of useful trace elements that it has accumulated over the years.

Pruning grapes depends only on the climate and the availability of free time.

Forming a grape bush in different ways

There are mainly four methods of shaping. They are quite different. Formation can be carried out:

1. By fan. This method forms a bush that only consists of sleeves. As a rule, 6-7 branches are located on different sides. This method of formation increases the yield by 20-25%. The downside is that the space occupied by the grapes will have to be increased. In this way, you can increase the period when the plant will bear fruit. Thanks to this formation, the grapes will have many trace elements. They will be in stock. And also high immunity.
2. Trunk. This method of formation is a little more complicated than the previous one. It requires more effort and space. But it will bear more fruit. With this formation, useful elements will accumulate in the plant trunk. The plant will develop better. And also bear fruit. Branches with this method grow at a level of 200 centimeters. Therefore, you do not need to tie them up. This form is less likely to be exposed to various diseases and pests. And also viruses. And every time the plant will become more beautiful. And also more hardy.
3. Sleeves. The grapes that have been formed in this way take up little space. A branch is called a branch that bears many fruit-bearing vines. That is, it turns out that this branch is very easy to form. But if she lacks the necessary substances, she will become depleted. The shapes that are formed along the sleeves have existed for about 6-9 years. And also a small disadvantage is that the sleeves will need to be cut off constantly. Because they grow fast enough.
4. Cordon. Cordon and shtamb are very similar to each other. Only the cordon is parallel to the ground. Although these methods are similar, the cordon is much more demanding to maintain. Because when formed in this way, the plant gets sick more often.But the plant tolerates wintering well. And also freezing. Therefore, it does not require special cover. This formation also has its drawbacks. They consist in the fact that the grapes will not give a particularly large harvest. And also it will take up a lot of space.
   A cordon can have either one or two sides. The second will require even more space.

Note: There is a method called high-standard. It consists of two types. This is ideal for covering large areas. This type of formation is one of the most productive forms. Each can bear about 10-30 kilograms of fruit.

If you choose the type of formation, build on the existing weather conditions. In a warm winter period, you must use a stem. Use sleeves for small areas. On a large territory, you can use a fan or cordon.

Crop pruning

After general information about the formation, you should study the detailed instructions for the formation. The grape has a fairly strong and loose wood with pores. Therefore, when shaping, a pruner with a very sharp blade must be used. Otherwise, the bark will be damaged, scratched. And also she will lose a large amount of her juices. The sleeve of the grapes should be cut higher than the bud. If you do it lower, then the distance from the kidney to the cut will be too small. And the wind will blow into the kidney.

In the summer, special attention is paid to the fruit arm. Or rather, its formation. Each such sleeve must have two vines. Namely: a long and short vine. A green shoot will grow from the short vine in the future, which will become a vine. A shoot will grow from a long vine, bearing fruit.

Formation of a grape bush with a sleeve in the first year

1. First you need to choose the strongest vines. The length is usually 15 or more centimeters.
2. In the future, all this will break into pairs. Therefore, the paired vines should grow side by side.
3. Cut one vine shortly, leaving 2 buds. Leave the second vine alone. But it should have 7-10 kidneys.
4. In the fall of next year, you need to prune the long vine along with the rest of the shoots.
5. After the vines are fully grown, it is necessary to carry out the formation in the same way.

This operation is repeated annually. Thanks to her, the grapes will bring a great harvest. With this formation, the grapes do not overgrow. This formation is considered very simple. Therefore, it is suitable for beginner gardeners.

Forming a grape bush in a fan

For this formation, use two sleeves that are directed away from each other. The number of sleeves can be larger if there is a large free area. Each sleeve needs 1 meter on the trellis.

First you need to choose one strong branch about 1 meter long. Or a little longer. This branch should have 12 vines. Then they will break in pairs. They will all serve as fruit sleeves in the future. All unnecessary is cut off. A sleeve must be formed from above. Certain substitutes should be left in a slightly larger amount. Their length should be small. If you are leading a stem, then you should tie it to a strong support before a sufficiently wide trunk is formed.

Formation of a bush of adult grapes

The previously described forming methods are used only for young grapes. A special scheme is used for mature plants. It must be complemented by proper, thorough care.

First you need to clean the bottom of the grapes, ensuring a good blowing. That is, weak vines should be removed. Then you need to determine how many meters the bush will need for comfortable development and growth. The size of the space should be taken into account with the possibilities. If there is an arch, then it should be formed with a stem, cordon or fan.

After that, you need to cut off several vines along their internodes, using a sharp pruner. Grapes are a very delicate plant.It should be formed only with reliable, special tools. Then you need to create fruit links, choosing several vines each year. It turns out that more than two fruit arms are formed.

Formation with a stem or cordon should be carried out especially. The sleeves should be formed at the end of the branch. And not at the foundations. When summer comes, the shoots should be tied to a trellis. With the onset of cold weather and harvesting, the vines with lashes must be cut off, leaving a couple of new ones. Then one sleeve is cut almost completely. Only 2 kidneys remain. And the other remains unharmed.

This operation should be performed annually. Because this will prevent the grapes from overgrowing. If you do not have enough time to trim the grapes, then you can shorten it. To do this, you need to leave only large vines that have already ripened. And cut off the rest. After such pruning, the bush will look much more cultured than before.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I want to say that proper care, and even more so the formation is very important for grapes. Without this, the bush begins to ache and wither. Because it lacks essential nutrients. In this case, the crop has very little or no yield.

Pruning helps rejuvenate the bush. After pruning, it becomes easier for him. And also he is saturated with microelements. It is worth paying attention to weak bushes. Their fruits must be fully harvested in order to form well next year. If the plant has completely withered, it should be disposed of. Because in that case, even formation will not help. A new bush must be planted in place of the old grapes.