Apple-tree "Venyaminovskoe"

The "Venyaminovskoye" apple tree is considered a fairly new immune winter subspecies, which will be a fairly good choice for Russian farmers and gardeners. It is perfect for cultivation in regions where a fairly frosty and snowy winter prevails.

The main difference between this subspecies is in its abundant fruiting, and every year, as well as early maturity and excellent taste of ripe fruits. But to get an excellent and tasty harvest, you should take into account all the features of agricultural technology and the variety itself.

Apple-tree "Venyaminovskoe": description and characteristics

This subspecies, discussed in this article, emerged by free pollination from the immune form 814 (from the original F2 Malus floribunda and Golden Delicious) in 1980. Due to the presence of its excellent characteristics, in 1990 it stood on a par with elite varieties. And in 2001 it was entered into the state register for the Central Black Earth Region.

In adulthood, this tree is quite large. The krone has a medium thickening and round shape. Strong skeletal stems and a central conductor endowed with a smooth surface and a gray tint. From the trunk of this tree, they leave almost parallel to the soil, and at the ends they have a deviation upward. Shoots are of medium thickness and pubescence, as well as brown color. They have a cranked shape, and faceted in section. The leaves are on cuttings that are pubescent and rather short. Such leaves have an elongated spherical shape, with a large wavy edge, with jags, as well as a rich green color, a wrinkled structure and a shiny surface. Most of the apples are formed on the ringlets. Small buds and flowers are endowed with a pinkish-white tint. In plants at a young age, these flowers are collected in inflorescences of 6 pieces, and at mature age - 4 pieces each.

Fruits have a conical shape, slightly flattened and beveled, with pronounced wide ribs. The weight of one fruit on average reaches 135 grams, and in a good season it can be up to 300 grams.

At the time of harvest, the skin of the fruit is endowed with a pale green tint, and when fully ripe, it changes color to yellow and becomes covered with an extensive, beautiful blush of a raspberry-red hue. Its saturation and coverage area as a whole depends on the level of illumination of the apple on the stem during the ripening period. Also, such fruits have quite pronounced subcutaneous dots of a gray shade and in large numbers.

The inner part of the fruit has a fine-grained structure, rather juicy and firm, it also has a white color with a pale green tint.

It is worth noting an important fact: this subspecies is considered dessert, has a universal purpose and a high level of frost resistance.

This subspecies of the apple tree is endowed with some distinctive characteristics that are worth knowing when making a choice in favor of this variety for growing in your area. The most important distinctive features are:

• A high level of immunity to such a dangerous and common disease as scab.
• Profuse fruiting on a regular basis.
• Excellent palatability and excellent fruit transport ability.
• A high level of resistance to frost, and this plant is able to quickly recover after freezing during wintering.

Like any other variety, this subspecies has its drawbacks. These include:

• Small size of apples.
• Rather prolonged aging time.
• The inability to get a harvest without the presence of a number of pollinating varieties.

If we are guided by information from an official source, then this tree in adulthood can have a maximum growth on seed stocks of about five meters, and on low-growing stocks no more than 3.5 meters. Although it is worth noting the fact that, according to the notes of experienced gardeners, the apple tree of this variety grew up to 7 meters in height on vigorous rootstocks, and up to five meters on dwarf ones.

The annual growth of this tree reaches half a meter, and this figure does not decrease even after poor wintering. In the first few years of fruiting from one such crop, you can get a harvest of ripe apples of about 35-50 kilograms. And at mature age, a much larger amount, for example, a plant that is 12 years old can yield a harvest of ripe fruits up to 100 kilograms, or about 15 tons per hectare. This subspecies is distinguished by a harmonious dessert taste, sweet with a small amount of acidity, as well as its juiciness of fruits and a delicate pleasant smell. According to the tasting assessment, this variety received 4.5 points. This subspecies is recommended for baby and diet food.

The subspecies was tested at low temperature conditions, and at the same time there was a slight damage to the wood of this tree, about 0.9 points. In general, this apple variety has a cold tolerance of up to -40 degrees. In the winter period of the year, when for several days the air temperature in the daytime reached from -40 to -45 degrees, experts noted the freezing of the fruit part of the wood. As a result, these damaged plants recovered well and their growth remained at the level of half a meter per year, and fruiting in such trees resumed within a period of two to three years.

The "Venyaminovskoe" apple tree has excellent immunity to diseases such as scab, due to the Vf gene embedded in it.

This variety is quite young. Although, looking at the whole complex of properties, scientists say that the period of life of this tree on a seed stock is 60-70 years, and a maximum of 30 years on a poorly grown one.

Apple-tree "Venyaminovskoe": planting and care

Before growing this variety, remember that in order for you to grow a healthy and beautiful fruit tree, as well as you can shoot a good and high-quality harvest, you should take into account the peculiarities of all planting and caring for this crop.

• Disembarkation

Experts advise planting a seedling of this variety in the autumn season, about a month before the onset of cold weather. You can start planting this subspecies in early spring, it is preferable in regions with a long winter season, that is, Siberia and the Urals.

The planting of this seedling is required to be done, observing such general rules as:

1. The landing site must be protected from sufficiently cold and strong winds.
2. The occurrence of groundwater should be below 3.5 meters from the soil surface level.
3. The soil should be fertile and loamy.
4. There should be good enough drainage.

Even experienced gardeners do not recommend planting this crop in low-lying places, where cold air can accumulate, and rain or melt water can linger for a long time.

To plant this seedling, a spacious planting hole is prepared in advance, organic and mineral fertilizing is added to it, and a high and strong peg is driven into the center of this hole, which will serve as a support for this tree in the future. A seedling is placed in the middle of this hole and its root system is gently straightened out, after which it is covered with soil, while shaking it a little, so that the soil is tight enough and there is no free space left. It is worth noting that the grafting site should be about 20 centimeters above the ground surface.Then the soil is compacted and the seedling is tied to a peg. After that, a side should be made around the perimeter of the plant's trunk circle. The planted seedling is watered abundantly with water.

Note that if we take the real height of mature trees on vigorous rootstocks, then young plants should be planted according to the 4 by 6 meters scheme. If we take into account the height on semi-dwarf rootstocks, then planting is possible according to the scheme 4 by 2 meters, and on dwarf rootstocks - 4 by 2.5 meters. You just need to know that sufficient illumination of all absolutely parts of the crown helps to form a larger number, as well as the best quality of these fruits.

• Growing

The cultivation of this apple variety does not require any special and complex measures, due to its distinctive features:

- High level of frost resistance - no additional insulation is required.

- Immunity to diseases - does not require measures for enhanced protection against infections and diseases of various kinds, as well as against insect pests.

• Agrotechnics

Agrotechnical techniques for this variety do not differ from the standard ones:

- Weeding and loosening of the soil.

- Constant watering procedures, at least 4 times in one season, and during dry periods, the amount increases. For a tree in adulthood, an average of 40 liters of liquid should go away, and every week and a half, or up to 100 liters before and during flowering, at the time of setting and the formation of fruits.

- Sanitary and formative pruning every year.

- Measures of protection against small rodents.

- Timely procedure of feeding with organic matter and mineral fertilizers.

• Pruning procedure and crown formation

Every year, in early spring, even before the sap flow begins, formative pruning is performed. During it, excess stems are removed, the annual growth is cut off by one third. Branches are removed that have an increase in the center of the crown, parallel to the trunk and interfering with other branches.

Together with formative pruning, as well as in the autumn and summer season, if necessary, perform sanitary pruning. At this moment, thickening shoots are cut, as well as diseased, thin, with signs of damage and broken stems. After that, the places of the cuts should be treated with garden varnish.

• Pollinating varieties

Since this subspecies is considered not self-fertile, in order to obtain a harvest, pollinating varieties such as Arkad Summer, Sharopay, Vyaznikovka should be planted nearby.

Apple-tree "Venyaminovskoe" - features of the variety

Also, like any other, this subspecies is characterized by the characteristics of fruiting.

• The beginning of fruiting

Apple-tree "Venyaminovskoe" is a fast-growing subspecies, the first harvest begins five years after the planting of the seedling. Abundant and good harvests begin to give out a tree at the age of 10-11 years.

• Flowering period

The flowering period for this variety begins on the 15th of May. The exact time depends on local conditions and the microclimate of the growing area.

• Timing

For harvesting, the fruits ripen at the beginning or closer to the middle of September, it all depends on the growing area. Consumer ripeness begins from the second half of October to February. There are times when the fruits are ready to be consumed directly before harvesting.

These fruits can perfectly preserve flavor, healthy and beautiful appearance from October to the second decade of February. It is worth noting that at the end of storage, especially at low air temperatures, wilting of fruits may occur.

Growing on a dwarf rootstock

This apple variety grown on a low-growth rootstock has its own characteristics:

• The smallest growth of a tree at maturity.
• Compact crown size.
• Surface location of the rhizome, which means that there is a risk of freezing of the roots and the least resistance to drought.
• Accelerated fruiting.
• Shorter tree life.
• Increased yield levels.
• Convenience in harvesting and processing the crown.

Growing in regions

As already noted, this subspecies was zoned for the central Black Earth region. This subspecies is also perfect for growing in the Central and North Caucasus region. We conclude that the Moscow region is considered one of the most favorable and suitable areas for the cultivation of this culture. It should be borne in mind that the ripening period for picking may be slightly reduced. To date, there is no exact data on the cultivation of this subspecies in Siberia and the Urals. Although hardiness to frost and good immunity from common diseases of this variety give every reason to assume that this tree will perfectly take root in these regions.

Apple-tree "Venyaminovskoe": reviews

If you look at the photo and description of this subspecies, it is quite clear and without a doubt that this is one of the most promising varieties of this crop, in terms of Russian gardens and household plots.

The excellent taste characteristics of these fruits, the plant's high resistance to frost and its good immunity, as well as early maturity and productivity, brought this apple subspecies to a leading position among the winter varieties of this crop.

Although this subspecies, as mentioned earlier, is considered a fairly young variety, it has already been able to gain quite wide popularity, love and popularity among gardeners. Therefore, they often express their opinion about this fruit tree.

- Before purchasing a seedling of this variety, we read its description, characteristics and looked at the photo for a very long time. All the same, they decided. The first harvest ripened, the grandchildren were the first to taste the apples, and were delighted. They said that these are the most delicious apples in comparison with other apples, and we have 12 varieties of them! In addition to being quite tasty, they are also very beautiful and juicy. Recommended!

Elena, Tomsk

- My apple tree is already 12 years old. The winter is going through quite well, in the last year the temperature was -40 degrees, and the tree did not freeze. The apple tree itself is flat, tall and very beautiful. The flowering period is quite abundant, outwardly it looks like a pinkish-snow-white cloud. We have been harvesting these apples for 6 years already. They ripen by the second half of September. They are also stored quite well, in our basement they lie until the end of January. In February, they fade a little, but they do not lose their tasty aftertaste!

Oleg, Khabarovsk Territory

- The tree has a fairly rapid growth, it even seems that it is more in width than in length. Outwardly, it looks very beautiful, spreading. The first harvest was taken this year. When the apples were still hanging on the branches, the view of the tree was just wonderful! Fruits are small and red in color, they hold quite tightly. They tried it right away and were delighted, I don't think they will last until winter.

Igor, Bryansk region