Apple tree Papirovka

Papirovka is an apple tree that was bred by Baltic breeders, which were obtained back in the 19th century. Gradually, the variety was cultivated in the Czech Republic and Germany, as well as in Poland and Belarus, Ukraine, and then began to actively develop and spread also in Russia. Of course, many gardeners are interested in this variety, as it has some advantages and many different characteristics. In this article, we will dwell in more detail on the description of the selection of the Papirovka apple tree variety, and also find out what advantages this apple tree variety has, why it is so valued by gardeners today, how to properly care for it, and why this variety is considered universal.

Introduction

This article will be very useful informatively both for a person who does not yet have any experience in growing apple crops, and for a person who has previously grown a variety of apple varieties, but at the same time wants to find more and more interesting ways, opportunities and varietal groups , which will have their own advantages and interesting taste solutions.

Description of the selection and features of the Papirovka variety

Folding - a variety belonging to the ancient, which is distinguished by its special frost resistance. This is a summer apple variety that is in great demand in the European part of our country. At the same time, the variety is especially popular among summer residents, since it has a number of features and undoubted advantages. The cultivar was also included in the State Register as one of the most important early summer apple cultivars. An apple tree can be grown in any area, but it should be borne in mind that it is not recommended to plant an apple tree in the Urals or the Eastern Siberian regions, since the climate there is not so conducive to planting this variety. One way or another, if you properly care for the variety, give it the necessary attention and care, then as a result you can get really tasty and large fruits that will have a universal purpose.

The apple tree ripens very early, and due to this, gardeners are really very interested in it. Moreover, this variety is grown mainly or in areas that are located near the city, as well as in the outskirts. In addition, Papirovka is great for planting collective and farm gardens from the outset. The variety is suitable for mass plantings, since the trees take root very well close to each other, and in general, they can take root with trees of other varieties, which, of course, is a huge plus.

Papirovka branches have a rich brown hue, their thickness is medium, but they are very strong and not withered at all. The pubescence on the branches is noted as intense. The stomata on Papirovka are oblong and milky in color. The stomata are very rarely placed, the gardener must necessarily monitor them and their general state of health, because it only depends on him how the plant will feel, and what kind of harvest it will give in the future. Papirovka also has dormant buds, which are quite small in size and slightly flattened in shape. These buds do not open immediately, they can form for some time in a dormant state, and then, under favorable conditions, they can open very quickly, and for this reason, the yield of the tree itself can increase.

The leaves have a standard shape and size to match any apple plant. At the same time, they can be slightly cloudy, pubescent, while the bases are petiolate, poorly expressed.They can be completely colorless, much depends on the age of the tree, on the degree of its development. The variety is capable of producing excellent, very tall annual seedlings at certain times, while side branches will be located on them in very small quantities. These seedlings are then used to propagate the crop. The flowers are very large and have a bright aroma. The plates are usually white, but a pinkish tint may be noted; in general, anthers are also located in the flowers, which makes the variety self-fertile.

Young trees in the process of their growth and development form a pyramidal crown, but when the apple tree becomes a little older, the shape of the crown changes. It becomes more rounded. Much also depends on pruning as a mandatory procedure. Pruning allows you to shape the crown, make it exactly the way the gardener sees it. He can also carry out sanitary pruning, because in many cases it not only allows the plant to develop well, but also to an adult tree can give a second life in development and fruiting.

The homeland of the variety is the Baltic part, and the first descriptions of the variety appeared in the 19th century. Paping gradually began to be cultivated in many European countries (9 in Poland, Germany), and then it became popular in Russia as well. In general, the variety has taken root well in our country, although it also puts forward its own special requirements, because, like any culture, an apple tree also needs a gardener to give it full care, water and feed the tree, cut it correctly, and then correctly disposed of a fairly bountiful harvest. As for the size of the fruits, they are characterized as medium. At the same time, if the tree is still young, but has already begun to bear fruit, then it is from it that you can collect the largest fruits, but on older apple trees, already small apples are formed, but there are always much more of them, if we are talking directly about the number of fruits. The weight of one apple can vary from 70 to 120 grams, but at the same time, if the gardener gives the plant proper care, special attention and care, then from one tree you can easily collect fruits, the weight of which will be at least 180 grams, and this is already really serious and a visual indicator of how the age of the tree and maintenance measures affect its condition and fruiting rates.

As for the shape of the fruits, they are generally rounded, but slightly flattened; you can also notice a clear ribbing on the apples, which becomes the hallmark of the variety. The largest apples can have a triangular configuration. This means that a seam can be seen on the fruit, which runs vertically and clearly directly along the peel. Sometimes there may be more than one seam - several seams can form at once, and, one way or another, this also becomes a feature of the variety, and is in no way associated with diseases. The tree turns out to be of quite standard height, although when the tree is still very young, it gives even more abundant growth, and this is noticeable in the first couple of years of life. Then the growth becomes slower, at a certain stage it stops altogether. If a tree grows on strong, fertile black earth soil, then its growth can reach as much as nine meters, but if it is not black earth soil, and the soil there is not particularly strong and fertile, then the overall plant height reaches six meters, no more. The crown can be very wide, but in general, its dimensions are entirely dependent on pruning. There may be a very small crown, the width of which will be no more than half a meter, or maybe an uncontrollably wide crown of more than five meters. One way or another, if you properly care for the plant, you can achieve exactly the result in the size that the gardener himself expects.

Productivity is the most important factor when choosing a particular plant variety.So, apple trees, in principle, can bring from 14 kilograms to 30 kilograms, if the age of the tree varies from 9 to 12 years. It is also worth noting that the level of yield directly depends on what the weather conditions are in summer, and how the plant reacts to the climate and temperature regime. As the tree matures, more apples can be harvested from it. At the same time, they can become much smaller in size, which is also worth paying attention to. But this does not spoil their taste properties at all, which, of course, is a huge advantage of this particular apple variety.

In general, you can harvest about eighty kilograms of ripe and delicious apples. Sometimes, under excellent weather conditions, and when the tree is in excellent preparation and at its peak of growth, it is possible to harvest from one tree to two quintals. The apples are medium in size, their flesh is very tender and tasty, sweet, but there is a bright, invigorating sourness, which does not spoil the overall impression of the plant at all. The pulp has a pronounced apple aroma, and when the fruits are overripe, the pulp becomes slightly mealy, a little potato, which is worth paying attention to, because not everyone will like this consistency. On a ten-point scale, apples get a score of 6.8-7.9, it all depends on their qualities and taste characteristics.

Despite such flaws in taste, apples are a frost-resistant variety. When very severe frosts come, the apple tree tends to freeze, but at the same time, in the usual winter period, the apple tree feels comfortable, and practically does not even need to be additionally covered and protected from frost. The taste properties of the apple tree do not change at all from this, just as the growth trend does not change, although, as we have already noted, at a certain age the plant stops growing, or does it extremely slowly, which is then difficult to notice.

As for pollinators, there are no special requirements for them at all. The most important thing is that both the main Papirovka apple tree and the pollinator varieties bloom at the same time, and that there is a sufficient amount of pollen in the flowers, otherwise pollination will not occur, or it will be insignificant in order for the ovaries to begin to form. Of course, for even more successful pollination, it will be desirable if there are bees on the site. Often, gardeners have apiaries next to the trees, which plays a really important role in the life of Papirovka.

There are several pollinator varieties that are ideally suited to become direct varietal pollinators for Papirovka. These varieties include striped Anise and Kitayka, as well as Moscow Grushovka and Malinovka. These varieties have almost identical flowering and fruiting periods, they should be planted near Papirovka. With the last two varieties - Moscow Grushovka and Malinovka, Papirovka can undergo mutual pollination, since her pollen can also become an excellent pollinator of these two varieties, to which the gardener should pay special attention.

The variety is resistant to common diseases, but nevertheless, if the summer turned out to be too cold and rainy, then it is necessary to additionally process the tree for preventive purposes. It should be remembered that it is easier to prevent or prevent a disease than to cope with it in the future, since sometimes a too advanced form of the disease can occur, and there may not be any chances to save the crop and the tree as a whole. The leafy part of the plant has an average level of scab resistance, and weakened trees need additional protection.In particular, this should be done during rainy and dank periods, since at this time the weather is conducive to the development of fungal and viral diseases, and the gardener should be especially careful about this.

Of course, it is worth paying attention to the shelf life. As a rule, if the apples were picked by the gardener on their own, they did not crumble, do not have lumps or scratches, then they can lie for more than two weeks without completely losing their appearance and their taste. Transportation is possible if you create comfortable conditions for the apple tree so that the fruits do not beat and so that they do not scratch. If the gardener has decided to keep the carrion, then it will lie with him for no more than five days. As a rule, apples begin to rot, the texture of the pulp begins to deteriorate greatly, and the taste is noticeably deteriorating because of this. As a result, it is better to immediately send these apples for processing, since otherwise they will not last until a certain hour, and part of the harvest will be lost. Ripening occurs in early summer, unlike many other apple varieties. In the South, the fruits can be eaten at the end of July, but in the North, apples can ripen by about mid-August, so the gardeners who live there should wait a bit.

In general, the Papirovka variety is liked not only because it ripens so quickly, but also because fresh apples really have an incredible taste, they can be used by both adults and the smallest lovers of fruit crops. Also apples can be used for further processing, as they have all the excellent properties. You can make apple jam from them, and also apple drinks. Although the fruits contain a high percentage of dry matter, they still have excellent taste and juiciness indicators.

Features of fruiting and planting, apple tree care

Fruiting of the Papirovka variety begins approximately in the third year after the seedling was sent to the open ground. But if these were seed stocks, then fruiting may begin a little later - in the fourth year. One way or another, the variety has one feature that is precisely related to fruiting - there may be too many fruits, especially if the gardener fed the trees and gave them timely watering. This fact can be a very pleasant surprise for any gardener, because not everyone expects such fruiting, and not everyone expects that such a small tree (relatively small) can give such abundant fruiting.

But sometimes there may be no fruiting at all, and there are several reasons for this. If a tree yielded a harvest last season, and in the new season it does not even have a single ovary, then the reason for this may be that the tree did not have enough food and additional fertilizing, and it did not have enough strength to give a sufficient amount after flowering substances are also under the ovary. It may also indicate that the whole apple tree may lack some substances. First of all, it can be a deficiency of magnesium and sulfur, manganese, which can be prevented or corrected only due to the fact that the gardener will add these substances along with solutions and fertilizing mixtures. The level of fruiting and the general condition of the Papirovka variety can depend only on attention and care.

As a rule, trees that are one to two years old take root best. A later planting can be carried out, but at the same time an extensive lump of soil should form around the root system, and the small roots should also be abundant and developed, because only then is it possible for the plant to take root in new conditions. The seedling does not need to be transplanted either, since this cannot improve the taste of the fruit or any other characteristics. In addition, the apples do not become more seasoned from this, which also, in principle, devalues ​​the importance of transplanting.But it is important if suddenly the seedling did not take root due to the abundance of groundwater or because the site was on the excessively windy side, and the seedlings are threatened with disease due to the fact that they become weaker from the wind and less resistant to external influences. Therefore, in general, the transplant directly depends on the general condition of the plant.

The Papirovka variety has significant advantages that in no case should be ignored. Thus, the fruits ripen very early in comparison with other varieties of apples. The second advantage is that only planted seedlings have a high rate of early maturity, and this is undoubtedly a huge plus. Another advantage worth paying special attention to is the excellent taste characteristics of the fruits themselves. The apples are really very sweet, very tasty, moderately juicy and crunchy. They are versatile in use, which is also worth paying special attention to, and in use, these apples are simply excellent. When the tree is still very young, it is worth choosing the form of pruning in time, but at an older age it is worth maintaining its shape, removing dry and damaged branches, thinning the crown. If the crown is excessively thickened, then this can lead to the development of a wide variety of diseases, which will be very difficult to get rid of in the future. There is a high risk that the plant will get sick at all, refuse to bear fruit, and then completely die. If the apple tree is completely old, then you just need to support it sometimes by pruning, and then it will delight the gardener with its appearance longer. At times pruning can give a tree a second life, and in this case, the tree, even in old age, will begin to bear fruit again.

As for feeding, it is recommended to carry it out with the help of ready-made mineral substances and mixtures. They are the ones that apple trees need at almost any moment of their development, and then at any moment of fruiting. For top dressing, it is recommended to take those compounds that are sold ready-made in special stores for gardeners. These compounds contain all the necessary substances that will play a significant role in the development and life of the tree as a whole, and in particular its parts - the deciduous part, branches, shoots and fruits. It is recommended to feed from the very first year, when the tree began to bear fruit. Usually, the grower should do three key fertilizing for the apple tree:

- the first feeding is carried out with the onset of spring, then the plant needs nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is these substances that allow a more abundant number of inflorescences to be tied, which suggests that there will also be abundant fruiting in the future.

- the second feeding is carried out when the fruits begin not only to be tied, but already poured. To do this, take the same compounds, but it is already recommended to slightly increase their amount, especially the amount of potassium

- the third feeding is carried out after the leaf fall has ended. It should be noted that the gramme of fertilizers is calculated in accordance with the square meters of the area where apple trees grow.

There are several variants and subspecies of Papirovka, which are also interesting enough to consider. Semi-dwarf papaya - this is more likely not a subspecies of a plant, but an ordinary apple tree, which was originally grafted onto a semi-dwarf tree. It does not stand out for any special qualities or characteristics, in general, if you plant a semi-dwarf apple tree in the north, then it will freeze and die there. If it survives, then you can not expect any fruit from it. In addition, this subspecies is very picky about grooming measures. First of all, you need to cut the plant, this is extremely important for him.

Amber apple tree - this subspecies was obtained after crossing two fairly popular varieties - Papirovka and Yantarnaya, and hence the name of the plant. It is worth noting that this plant was not registered in the state register, but today the apple tree is grown in various territories, both in private household plots and on an industrial scale. It is not particularly demanding when it comes to grooming measures, and in general this tree has a very calm disposition. It should only be periodically pruned, since pruning itself is a significant event for absolutely any plant. There are also subspecies such as Baltic Folding, Ural Folding, Summer Folding... They are great for trading. These varieties are convenient, not very picky about care measures. The only thing is that they need sufficient watering, since in general apple trees are considered trees that are very loyal to soil moisture. It is also worth making sure that the plants are not attacked by pests and bacteria, as fungi can be quite dangerous.

There are also subspecies such as Altai Papirovka, Red Papirovka, Honey Papingwhich give very tasty fruits. Sometimes, from the name of the subspecies, one can understand what taste characteristics the plant has, where it takes root best, what size the fruits are. In general, this is a really huge variety of subspecies, from which the gardener can choose exactly those apples that suit him best for certain conditions. In principle, any subspecies of Papirovka, and the variety itself, differ in many features. They can be moderately winter-hardy, at the same time they are excellent at moistening the soil, they can loyally relate to the introduction of a wide variety of dressings - both mineral and dressings that are strictly organic. In general, anyone can like the fruits, which, at the same time, do not tolerate transportation or long-term storage very well, but they are great when fresh.