Apple Orlik

Nowadays, many new varieties are being created that are replacing the old ones, varieties are becoming more adaptable to changes in the environment. At the beginning of the 21st century, scientists have created many of these varieties. One of them is the Orlik apple tree, it occupies one of the highest places among other varieties, being a strong competitor. Its landing is focused on the central regions of Russia.

History of creation

Apple Orlik: photo of the variety

Many varieties were bred at the Research Institute of the Oryol Region, headed by E. Sedov. It is he who is considered the author of about 65 varieties of apple trees. Most of them were officially registered and added to the State Register.

The Orlik apple tree was bred at the end of the 20th century, it turned out due to the crossing of Mekintosh and Bessemyanka Michurinskaya. After withdrawal, it went through all the checks for about 6 months, as a result of which it was officially registered on the market. The new variety has some improvements: the appearance of increased frost resistance, an increase in yield, as well as a strengthening of the immune system. The state register of the Central region included the Orlik apple variety only 16 years later.

Apple Orlik: variety description

The fruits of the Orlik apple contain a large amount of natural sugars, about 11% of the total apple mass. Also apples contain titratable acids within the normal range of 0.5%. Appearance and taste are assessed by tasters at 9.3 points. The fruit is used in various fields, but most often in the production of juice and food for children.

At a young age, the tree produces about 26 centners per hectare. In adulthood, a tree brings 90-130 kilograms per tree. Harvesting begins at the end of September. Stored for 3-4 months.

Apple Orlik is a winter variety, it is distinguished by its resistance to severe frosts, so it can be grown not only in central Russia, but also in any other regions with a cold climate. At the same time, the tree feels comfortable in hot weather. In any case, if the frost reaches a temperature lower than -30, then the tree must be covered with peat, soil or spruce.

Resistance to fungus is average, the disadvantage is shedding of fruits with delayed collection. Apple tree "Orlik" is sterile, therefore it needs pollinator planting.

Apple Orlik reaches medium size, oval crown, medium density. Since the tree is compact, it can definitely be grown even in small gardens and vegetable gardens, without occupying a large area. The branches of the tree are straight, the top is directed upwards. The trunk is smooth, yellow-brown in color.

Orlik apple tree shoot is thick, straight, brown-gray, pubescent. The leaves are large, oval in shape with an elongated pointed end. The color of the foliage is bright green with white-gray veins that stand out strongly from the main color of the leaves. The surface of the leaf is fluffy, folded, with a small layer of oily coating of a golden hue. The flower petals are pink-white during the flowering period.

Orlik apples are formed on a simple and complex spear. The fruits are kept on sturdy, medium-sized stalks with a slight thickening.

The mass of Orlik apples reaches 110 grams, the shape is rounded, slightly elongated on the sides. The peel of the fruit is dense, even, with subcutaneous punctures, which are perfectly visible. By color, the fruits are bright, yellow with red sides, with a touch of white, necessary to protect against mechanical damage.

The pulp is soft, creamy, juicy with a pronounced aroma.

Apple Orlik: planting varieties

Apple Orlik: photo of the variety

• Where to plant?

Before you start planting, you need to choose a place, a seedling, prepare the soil and carry out a few more preparatory work.

First you need to decide on the site where the planting will take place.

Apple Orlik is suitable for any site, as it is compact and takes up a minimum of space. With large-scale plantings, about 180 centimeters are left between the trees. For a tree, the south-west side of the site is perfect.

Note: It is strictly forbidden to plant the Orlik apple variety in lowlands and in places where groundwater is present. They stop the development of the apple tree, the root system begins to rot, and the tree dies.

The landing site should be well lit and the groundwater should be at a distance. In the best case, there should be a fence or a building near the tree, which will protect it from strong winds.

A large amount of yield is formed only on slightly acidic soils. Clay soil poorly permeates moisture and oxygen to the root system. The addition of peat and sand can change the composition of the soil, thus, the soil becomes looser and more fertile, you can also add wood ash.

• When to plant?

Planting is usually done in early spring. During the summer period, the tree takes root well, takes root and calmly tolerates the winter period. If the seedlings are planted in the autumn, then most often they die with the onset of the first frost. If the winter in your region is warm, then you can plant in the fall, but still do not forget about the shelter.

• Seedling selection.

Since apple trees are planted for a long time, you need to choose the right seedling. It is recommended to choose them from specialty stores or nurseries. In nurseries, various varieties of apple trees and trees in general are bred, they are well cared for there.

The Orlik apple tree seedling must be less than four years old, since the older seedlings do not take root well in the new territory. A 2-year-old seedling with a smooth stem and a well-developed root system is an ideal choice.

Experts recommend buying container seedlings. They are sold with the land to be used for planting. In this case, the seedlings take root better, since they do not feel strong changes in the soil.

• Landing features.

It is necessary to carry out preparatory work for spring planting in the fall. First, you need to dig up the entire garden area where the apples will be placed. Then weed and dig holes. In these pits, you need to add complex fertilizers or 600 grams of wood ash, 120 grams of potassium and phosphate. If the soil is acidic, lime is added.

Before planting, it is necessary to prepare the seedling. To do this, its root system is placed for several days in Kornevin solution, which will promote the active growth of the tree.

• Landing algorithm.

1. First, you need to pour a complex fertilizer mixed with the soil into the pit.
2. Then the root system of the tree is located, it is carefully and neatly distributed throughout the pit.
3. Not far from the pit, a small-diameter block of wood is driven in, it will serve as a support for the tree.
4. Then you need to cover the roots with soil, slightly compacting it.
5. Water and loosen the soil.
6. Then you should tie the tree to the stake, bar.
7. After the final absorption of water, mulching is carried out using hay, humus or straw.

When planting in the spring, it is necessary to stop the tree at a height of 45 centimeters, in order for the shoots to grow actively.

Apple Orlik: care

Apple Orlik: photo of the variety

For the well-being of the tree, it is necessary to carry out maintenance work.

An important step in caring for the Orlik apple tree is watering and loosening the soil.

Watering the Orlik apple tree is necessary depending on the condition of the soil and weather. In hot weather, one high-quality watering per week will be enough for a young tree, about 34 liters of water. In cold weather 2-3 times per season.Important watering is considered: during flowering, during the formation of fruits, after harvest. If the soil around the post is dry, then watering is necessary. Due to prolonged drought, the tree begins to wilt, weakening, losing the strength of the immune system. With an excess of moisture in the root system, bacteria appear, which contribute to the appearance of a fungus, and it provokes the death of the apple tree.

An adult Orlik apple tree needs more moisture, therefore, about 70-85 liters are applied at a time.

You can water the tree in different ways:

• Surface watering.

Such irrigation is characterized by the fact that water is poured into small grooves, which, in turn, are located in a circle from the trunk. Through these grooves, moisture enters the root system, and then spreads throughout the tree. This method is used for small areas.

• Industrial tree growing is characterized by drip irrigation. When a pipe is laid along the tree with a certain dispenser, which, under the action of pressure, supplies moisture to the tree, distributing it over the entire required surface.
• In case of intense heat, droughts, it is recommended to use the sprinkler method. The water is in certain sprinklers and dissipates moisture over the tree and soil. That water spreads over the entire surface of the tree. This method should be carried out only in the evening or in sunless weather, since moisture on the surface of the tree can attract the sun, and burns are formed.

After the tree is watered, it is necessary to carry out loosening each time so that oxygen flows to the roots of the tree and saturates them. Loosening is done 4-5 centimeters deep. After loosening and complete absorption of moisture, mulching is carried out with hay. Thanks to him, moisture and heat are retained in the soil.

• Fertilization.

The first fertilization is carried out the next year after planting. Those substances with which the soil is saturated during planting will nourish the tree for a whole year. The next year, you need to add about 65-75 grams of urea per 10 liters of water and spill the tree around the perimeter. Nitrogen is a substance that a tree needs to enable active growth and regeneration. With a lack of this substance, trees begin to grow slowly or completely stop it, therefore, there is a strong delay in development. In the autumn, the tree must be fed with phosphorus supplements with the addition of potassium. They can serve as superphosphates, about 40 grams per square meter. They are introduced into the soil and then watered with plenty of moisture. Complex dressings are perfect, since they contain all the necessary substances. After insertion, the tree decides on its own which elements it needs.

In no case should dressings be overused, as they become destructive to the tree. If an excessive amount of nitrogen, potassium or phosphorus enters the soil, then the tree reduces its protective functions and often begins to get sick with various diseases, as well as be affected by pests and insects.

Apple trees, which are in the process of fruit formation, need a lot of nutrients. They can only get it from top dressing or fertilization. There is a list of necessary dressings that must be carried out without fail:

• In the spring, the tree is in the process of active growth, so it needs nitrogen, which stimulates this process. During this period, nitrogen will have a huge impact on the taste and appearance of future fruits. In order for the tree to bring a good harvest and grow actively, it is necessary to add 45 grams of saltpeter or 35 grams of urea per 10 liters of water. Top dressing must be dissolved in warm water and spilled around the perimeter of the tree.
• Before a tree starts flowering, it must be fertilized with 65 grams of phosphate per 10 liters of water.
• After the flowers fall, it is necessary to add 60 grams of nitrophosphate per 10 liters of water.
• After harvesting, it is necessary to restore the strength of the tree by adding superphosphate 110 grams and potassium salt 110 grams, dissolving everything in 10 liters of water.
• After 4-5 years, additional fertilization is carried out in the form of a complex fertilizer.

Organic fertilizer is considered another necessary trace element for the Orlik apple tree. It is applied 2-3 times per season according to a certain algorithm:

• At the beginning of spring, when the sap begins to move inside the tree, it is necessary to add the mullein in the ratio of 2:15, diluting with water. Chicken droppings can also be used.
• Wood ash can be added during the formation of apples, it saturates the tree with potassium, and the apples turn out to be more juicy, large and sweet in taste.
• In the autumn, it is recommended to apply manure to the tree trunk zone.

After each fertilization, it is necessary to carry out abundant watering so that all introduced trace elements are absorbed into the soil and fill the tree.

• Carrying out pruning.

It is necessary to prune the Orlik apple tree regularly, since this is a very important stage in caring for the apple tree. If it is carried out on time, ridding the tree of unnecessary parts, shoots, then the tree gets more access to oxygen.

With irregular pruning, the crop becomes rare, it can be carried out 1 time in 3-5 years.

At a young age of 2-6 years, the apple tree needs formative pruning, which makes the tree more neat and beautiful, it is carried out according to the algorithm:

• First you need to form a tree, shortening it by 40-60 centimeters, this is done immediately after planting.
• The next year, in the spring, it is necessary to lay the first tier, consisting of three branches that are directed in different directions. For this, 40 centimeters are measured on the trunk and only the strongest branch is left. The ends of the branches are trimmed and trimmed by 17-20 centimeters.
• Next year, you need to form a tier of four branches, also cutting off their ends by 20 centimeters.
• At 4 years of age, the third tier is formed from three strong shoots.

The main branches of a tree are branches extending from the trunk by 80-90 degrees. They break frequently, so they need support.

After the tree is 6-7 years old, you need to start pruning, which regulates the branches. It is necessary for airing the branches and for their uniform heating by the sun's rays. In the process of this pruning, it is necessary to remove all weak shoots and branches, painful parts of the tree. They take nutrients from a healthy tree.

With the onset of autumn, sanitary pruning is carried out. It consists in freeing the apple tree from old and broken branches, shoots. After pruning, it is necessary to cover the cuts with garden pitch, otherwise they can rot.

A tree that is 10-12 years old needs anti-aging pruning. It consists in cutting off excess branches, they greatly burden the tree. Young branches are cut in half, thereby making the apple tree feel better.

• Frost protection.

The Orlik apple tree tolerates frosts down to -29 degrees. Severe frosts and snow slightly affect the development of the apple tree, slowing it down a little. But this can be avoided if the tree is properly prepared for the onset of the winter period. To do this, it is necessary to carry out abundant watering, which will increase resistance to frost. After watering, it is necessary to mulch the tree trunk with peat or a thick layer of earth. Branches and boles should be whitewashed with a special whitewash that contains insecticides. It is they who protect the tree from sunburn and cracks on the trunk during sudden changes in weather.

Young apple trees of the Orlik variety are sprayed with Novosil, which increases the protective properties of the apple tree. After the work has been done, it is necessary to wrap the barrel with sacking or other material that allows oxygen to pass through well. With the onset of winter, you need to cover the tree with snow.

Diseases and pests of the variety

Orlik apples: variety photo

The Orlik apple variety is distinguished by its increased resistance to scab and fungus, these diseases are the most dangerous, since most often they lead to the death of the tree or the complete disappearance of the crop. When the dry season comes, the trees are vulnerable and can become infected with powdery mildew, which makes the fruit small, tasteless and reduces the immune system of the apple tree.

• Scab

Symptoms of the disease: When dark spots appear on the leaves in damp and humid weather, you need to think about scab, which, although rarely, can infect an apple tree. It is also characterized by dry leaves and shoots and foliage loss. The affected areas of the tree become hard and crack.

Prevention: Prevention consists of removing old foliage and branches, and rejuvenating the tree with pruning.

Treatment process: Treatment consists in treating the tree with a 1% Kuprozan solution, this must be done before the buds begin to bloom.

• Powdery mildew

Symptoms of the disease: A thick white bloom appears on the foliage. The leaves begin to fall off, and the shoots become dark and gradually die. The disease quickly spreads throughout the tree, so treatment must be started immediately.

Prophylaxis: Prevention consists in maintaining optimal humidity, as well as in the disposal of fallen and dry foliage.

Treatment process: To get rid of powdery mildew will help Horace treatment after the formation and fall of flowers 2 grams per 10 liters of water.

• Brown spot

Symptoms of the disease: It manifests itself in the appearance of brown spots on the leaves of the apple tree. Spores of the fungal disease begin to spread rapidly over the entire surface of the tree, usually the tree becomes infected in high humidity weather. The disease is accompanied by drying out and falling foliage.

Prevention: Pruning the crown, which carefully thinns the tree, will help to avoid the appearance of the disease.

Treatment process: Treatment consists in spraying the apple tree with Kaptan 0.2-0.3%

Pest control

• Moth

How it manifests itself: The moth is a caterpillar that begins to gnaw the fruit, getting to the center of the apple. She eats all the seeds and damages the cameras. Fruits that have been spoiled by the moth fall off. On average, 70-80% of the entire crop is spoiled in this way.

Prevention: Prevention consists in cleansing the bark from peeling and using traps for the moth.

Struggle: After the tree becomes infectious, it is necessary to immediately spray it with Ditox 0.05%.

• Spider mite

How it manifests itself: The mite lives on the back of the leaf, enveloping it in a light cobweb. The foliage becomes spotty, lethargic, painful, dry foliage appears. The tick appears in dry and sunny weather.

Prevention: Loosening the soil, watering and taking good care of the tree, as well as regularly inspecting the tree, you can avoid the appearance of a tick.

Struggle: Treatment consists in treating the tree with Nitrafen 210 grams per 10 liters, the treatment should be carried out before the buds bloom. You also need to spray the tree before the flowering process with Fitoverm 11 milliliters per 10 liters.

• Flower beetle

How does it manifest: The flower beetle is on the surface of the bark throughout the winter and begins its activity after warming. He begins to lay eggs over the entire surface of the apple tree, thereby multiplying. The larvae begin to devour the apple tree, eating the leaves and flowers.

Prevention: Cleansing the trunk of old bark, using glue-based traps, regular inspection and destruction of fallen leaves can prevent the appearance of a pest.

Struggle: Lime 12 kilograms per 10 liters, as well as Novaktion treatment of 5 milliliters per 5 liters, will help in the fight against the flower beetle.

• Aphid

How it manifests itself: Aphids settle on the tree, and begin to multiply quickly, sucking out all the juices of the apple tree. The leaves become dry and begin to curl, then turn black and fall off.

Prevention: Destroying fallen leaves, burning them and regularly flushing the foliage with strong pressure will help prevent the appearance of aphids.

Struggle: The treatment consists in spraying 150 grams of Nitran per 5 liters before the buds have blossomed and treatment with Fitoverm before the ovaries appear.

Apple tree Orlik: reviews of gardeners

• Marina Vitalievna, Moscow region: “In my opinion Yablonya Orlik is a wonderful variety with good taste and appearance of apples. After I have grown a tree at home and received a harvest, I am not surprised why gardeners often stop at choosing the Orlik apple tree ”.
• Alexandra Petrovna, Leningrad region: “My apple tree Orlik brought its first harvest at the age of 3 years. The harvest turned out to be rich, and the apples themselves are large, not very sour. "

Apple Orlik: photo of the variety