Apple tree Kuban

The Kuban apple tree is a winter one, obtained at the North Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture, the apple tree was obtained using a clonal compound using the method of induced mutagenesis, thanks to the effect of cesium-137 radiation on the vegetative bud of such a variety of apples as “Kuban” in 1969. The author of the Kuban apple variety is a breeding specialist S.N. Artyukh.

The Kuban apple tree was added in 1997 to the state register for the selection achievements of our country, allowed for cultivation in the North Caucasus region. Used in industrial areas, summer cottages, backyards and suburban areas, this variety of apples is widely known in the southern parts of our country and Ukraine.

The main clonal change is the retardation of growth rates, which affects the reduction in crown size, by about twenty to twenty-five percent in width and height, as well as the degree of thickening of the branches. As a result, methods have been devised to lighten it with an aerated procedure. Thanks to the parent variety, the Kuban apple tree has a high level of resistance to various diseases, the level of disease susceptibility is two times less than that of other apple varieties, namely one and a half to two points. It is worth noting the good illumination of the crown, more intense color, dessert quality of the fruit and a good level of resistance to diseases during the maintenance of the harvest.

Apple tree Kuban: variety description and characteristics

The Kuban apple tree grows with weak growth rates, the crown is small, at a young age it is in the form of a regular oval, and upon reaching the age of eight it has the shape of a regular wide oval, thickening is assessed as average, foliage is assessed as good. The main branches are light brown and gray at the same time, the first tier recedes from the bark at a corner, about forty-five degrees, growing towards the sky. The type of harvest is mixed, on annelids about sixty percent of fruit formation occurs, on twigs, located on a five-year-old bark, annual branches usually bear fruit too.

The branches of the Kuban apple tree are of ordinary size, geniculate, internodes are small, the color is green and brown at the same time, the pubescence is assessed as dense. The leaf plates, like that of the parent variety, are large in size, the shape of a regular wide oval, the base is also in the shape of an oval, the tip is small, pronounced, do not have any irregularities, the bend is weak, but strongly complex and resembles a spiral. Light greenish color. The pubescence is assessed as medium, abundant in young foliage. On the edges of the foliage double-toothed, large wavy. The foliage has a certain sharpening. The petiole is colored, rather thick, the stipules are not observed or have a subulate shape. In nurseries, the stems are geniculate, light green in color with a yellow tint on the side where the sun's rays fall, lentils are large, in the form of a regular circle, light in color, small internodes, snow-white in color, like the parent variety. The back and front sides of the leaf plate have a pronounced color.

The flowers of the Kuban apple variety have a shape resembling a saucer, white in color with a pinkish tint, the pistil has some pubescence, the stigma is identical to the anther. The flowering process of the Kuban apple tree belongs to the group of middle early.

Features of the variety

Apple tree Kuban: photo of the variety

The harvest of the Kuban apple tree is smaller than that of the parent variety, most often the weight of one fruit reaches one hundred and seventy grams, the density is estimated as average, the shape of a regular circle or conical. No ribbing is observed. The main color during harvesting is green, the ebb is more pronounced than that of the parent variety, bright red occupies almost the entire apple, with slightly dark stripes along a dim ebb and the entire skin of the apple. The skin is quite dense, but thin, oily in texture, there is an rusted mesh due to the use of agents that contain copper on the ovary. The funnel is of normal size, but deep, in particular without rust. The fruit stem is of an ordinary size, peeking out of the funnel. The saucer is large in size, of ordinary depth, the tuberosity is assessed as weak. The calyx is half closed. The tube under the calyx is more funnel-shaped than the parent variety. The axial cavity is smaller than that of the parent variety, and the seed chambers, on the contrary, are larger, but the gap is narrower.

The pulp of the Kuban apple tree is light cream in color, tastes sour and sweet at the same time, dessert palatability, rather dense, tender when stored, has a pleasant smell. Excellent taste, kept for a long time. The fruits contain:

• dry soluble substances - eleven - fourteen percent.
• sugar - nine to ten percent.
• titratable acids - one percent.
• ascorbic acid - fifteen to twenty milligrams per hundred grams of raw product.
• P-active substances - ninety to one hundred and ten milligrams per hundred grams of raw product.

Harvesting of the Kuban apple tree on plots in the city of Krasnodar falls on the second week of the first autumn month. In good keeping conditions, the crop does not lose its useful qualities. If the harvest is late, the harvest begins to crumble due to the winds. The marketability of the crop is estimated as high, about ninety percent.

The crop is often recommended by nutritionists to overweight people, due to its dietary benefits, after technical processing, excellent chips, freshly squeezed juice and marmalade are obtained.

The apple tree of the Kuban variety is self-fertile, it is recommended to plant pollinating varieties nearby:

• "Golden pleasure".
• Wagner.
• "Simirenko".

Characteristics of this fruit crop

Apple trees Kuban begin to harvest when they reach the age of two years. Upon reaching the age of five, up to one hundred and fifty centners from each hectare can be harvested on a weakly grown rootstock; upon reaching the age of ten or twelve, up to four hundred centners can be harvested from each hectare. Sometimes it is possible to collect up to five or six hundred centners from each hectare.

The Kuban apple variety has a high level of drought resistance.

Cities where this apple variety grows best:

• Sevastopol.
• Krasnodar.
• Stavropol.
• Rostov-on-Don.
• Grozny.
• Makhachkala.

Apple tree Kuban: advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of the Kuban apple variety:

• high ecological qualities.
• this variety of apples has an intensive growth rate.
• compact crown.
• ripening occurs at an accelerated rate.
• the harvesting process is regular.
• stunning commercial qualities.
• dietary fruits.

Disadvantages of the Kuban apple tree

• low level of resistance to various diseases.
• the impossibility of using products that contain copper.

The fruit of the Kuban apple variety is used in breeding as a variety with the property of compactness, a large amount of yield, excellent commercial qualities, a storehouse of vitamins and useful microelements. This apple variety is the parent variety for varieties such as:

• "Vadimovka".
• «Ray».
•  «peach».