Apple-tree Amur yielding

Apple-tree Amurskoe yielding - a variety of apples of the autumn ripening period, zoned for the Far East. It is ubiquitous in Primorye, in the Khabarovsk Territory, and is also grown in the southern regions of the Amur Region, Sakhalin and in the Jewish Autonomous Region. For private gardens and large horticultural farms in the northern regions of the Far Eastern region, the cultivation of this variety in the form of stanza is characteristic. In a harsh climate, the Amurskoe fruitful apple variety needs a shelter during the winter frosts. This article will focus on the main characteristics of the apple variety "Amur yielding", its strengths and weaknesses.

 The origin of the apple variety Amur yielding

The homeland of the Amur Yield apple tree is the Khabarovsk Territory. The Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture is located here, where in the 40s of the 20th century the scientist-breeder A.V. carried out crossing of two time-tested varieties. One of the parents of the new hybrid was an old folk selection called "Tsarskiy Spip", known for its compact size of trees and regularity of fruiting. A pair of him was made by one of the representatives of the Ranetka cultivar - Ranetka Purpurovaya, which is distinguished by its exceptional winter hardiness. Since 1947, the hybrid variety "Amurskoye Yoddnoe" obtained as a result of this work has been classified as an elite. In 1950, the novelty entered the Far Eastern nurseries of fruit and berry crops for its planned reproduction.

Apple-tree Amur yielding: description of the variety and characteristics

Apple-tree Amur yielding: photo of the variety

The apple variety Amurskoe Yielding has inherited low growth rates from one of the original varieties - Tsarskoe Shipa. Its trees grow slowly and grow short, but sprawling thanks to numerous skeletal branches and shoots. They form a wide-oval or rounded crown. Skeletal branches are located at an angle close to a straight line relative to the stem. The bark of perennial branches is light gray, young shoots aged 2 to 3 years are brown.

Long and rather slender shoots are curved and brown in color. And also closer to the tops are covered with a sparse edge. Generative buds have the shape of a flattened cone and are tightly pressed to the surface of the shoots. Fruit buds are characterized by a rounded-pointed shape. Large leaves have the shape of an elongated oval. The leathery surface of the leaf plates is painted dark green on top, light green on the bottom, and there is a rare edge on the veins. The petioles of medium size are also pubescent and surrounded by large stipules.

During the flowering period, the shoots of the Amur yielding apple variety are covered with medium-sized white flowers that have the shape of a saucer. They consist of oval-shaped petals, a shallow saucer, a bunch of pistils and anthers located just above it.

Description of fruits

The apples of the Amurskoe Yielding variety are small in size: their maximum weight is 45 g with an average of about 32 g. They have a flat-rounded shape, and closer to the top they become convex-rounded. The skin of the apples is light yellow in color with an extensive dark red tan that covers almost the entire fruit. Apples have a funnel of the correct shape, not too wide or even narrow, shallow, with a dark color and varying degrees of rustiness. The thin brown stalk is just under 2 cm long.The base of the apple has the shape of a shallow and flat saucer with small tubercles, as well as a closed cup of medium size. A regular heart in the form of a wide cone in the process of fruit ripening is separated from its main part by a red vein. Elliptical, closed seed chambers are usually small in size, filled with small brown seeds.

The pulp of apples of the Amurskoe yielding variety is painted in a pleasant creamy color with a yellow tint, it has a fine-grained consistency and a pleasant taste. The fruits of this variety are classified as table fruits due to their taste. The chemical composition of their pulp includes sugar (9.8-15%), acids (0.7-1.3%), pectins (0.2-0.4%), vitamin C (about 17 mg per 100 g ), and also contains a certain amount of tannins (0.3-0.5%). Apples of the Amur Yield variety are eaten fresh, and also serve as raw materials for the manufacture of wines, compotes, jams, juices, and canned food.

Features of fruiting, collection and storage of crops

The first fruiting of apple trees of the Amurskoe fruitful variety falls on 3-4 seasons after grafting. For pollination of this variety, varieties blooming with it at the same time are suitable: the old autumn variety "Efremovskoye", "Naliv Amursky" and "Vanguard».

Starting from the age of five, the Amurskoe fruitful apple trees bring a stable harvest of up to 5 tons per hectare. The period from 8 to 15 years is characterized by massive fruiting: the average rate is from 15 to 20 tons per hectare, i.e. about 40 kg of fruits from each tree. Annual fruiting is characteristic of the Amur yielding variety; however, at the age of 15 years, its trees begin to gradually die off as a result of the resulting burns.

The ripening period of the fruits of the Amurskoe apple variety falls on the second decade of September. They are safely stored until November 15, their consumption phase lasts 2 months or a little more.

Apple tree Amur yielding: pros and cons

The apple variety Amurskoe yielding is distinguished by its early maturity, high harvest volumes, and also their regularity. Thanks to the compact size of the trees, it is quite easy to care for them and also to harvest. Other advantages of this variety include a good degree of resistance to winter frosts and burns, provided that the plantings are placed on a hill. If located in a lowland, the risk of wood freezing increases. The fruits of this variety are versatile and can be eaten fresh, or used for conservation and processing.

The apple variety Amur yielding has a number of disadvantages. First of all, we are talking about the rather low commercial qualities of the fruits - they are distinguished by their small size and unremarkable taste. In addition, under the influence of strong winds (monsoons), they often crumble. The life of trees is considered short due to death from sunburn.

Conclusion

The Far Eastern apple variety Amurskoe yielding is a viable and productive hybrid that can take root and bear fruit even in adverse climatic conditions. Despite its modest size and mediocre taste characteristics of the fruit, it is appreciated by gardeners for its annual harvests, as well as for the versatility of Amur fruitful apples. Due to these qualities, the Amurskoe yielding apple variety is ubiquitous in the Far East, including in its northern regions, where it is grown in stanza form.