Cerapadus Michurina

IV Michurin pollinated the Ideal cherry variety with the pollen of the Maaka cherry variety. So a new hybrid variety appeared, and in general a novelty culture, they called it cerapadus. In the situation when the mother is bird cherry, the plant is called "padocerus".

A brief excursion into history

At the initial stage of crossing, the basis was steppe cherry and bird cherry, in the end nothing happened. The breeder did not give up and decided to change the common bird cherry for the Japanese "Maaka". Michurin pollinated plants in 2 directions - cherry flowers were pollinated with bird cherry, and vice versa. In both situations, he developed a novel stone fruit culture. The breeder named them according to the first syllable of the names of varieties in Latin: cerasus - cherry, padus - bird cherry.

The resulting hybrid novelties did not immediately become recognized as a separate berry vegetation, because they only partially inherited their parental characteristics. The root system of the hybrids was branching, it was perfectly developed, the inflorescences and the yield were formed, as in the parent species, the immunity of plants to diseases was at a high level. However, the fruit was small, bitter, and had an almond aroma. For the first hybrid generation, in the future, rootstocks were made in order to bring out cherry or cherry new varieties.

Cerapadus description and characteristics

While the breeding work continued to obtain a plant with a minimum of minuses, the cerapadus "Sweet" was born. This culture has inherited from the cherry species "Ideal" berries.

Fruits are round, medium-sized.

The peel is thin, compacted, the inner content of the fruit is dark red.

The surface layer is shiny, the color is close to black.

Taste sweet-sour, amazingly balanced.

The plant inherited powerful roots and resistance to frost periods from the bird cherry "Maak". Also, the culture has good immune protection, so it is almost not affected by diseases and harmful insects.

A characteristic feature of these hybrids is their use as a rootstock for the least resistant cherry and cherry varieties. The species on the rootstock are distinguished by excellent tolerance to low temperature conditions, they are cultivated in a temperate climatic zone, the geography of distribution has gone beyond the boundaries of the central Russian strip.

The varieties of cerapadus obtained on the basis of the first hybrid species have a high level of resistance to frost periods, as well as a decent and regular yield indicator. The berries are large in size, differ in cherry taste and delicate aromatic properties of bird cherry. The tree has many branches and shoots, the leaves resemble cherry leaves, a little elongated. The crown is formed lush, pressed against the trunk, presented in the form of a dome.

Later, breeders bred Padoceruses with the appearance of bird cherry, the berries are in clusters, the fruits are large, black in color, and have a sweet cherry taste. Flowering occurs early in the spring, repeated frosts are not afraid of flowers.

Hybrid species and varietal varieties of these two crops are entered in the state register and registered in the "Cherry" section.

The fruits are universal in purpose. They are eaten fresh, they are used to prepare jams, compotes, juices. Vegetation is undemanding to care, has self-fertility, most varieties do not need helpers for pollination.

Pros and cons.

Advantages.

Strong root system.

Resistance to low temperature conditions.

The fruits are rich in microelements and vitamins that are beneficial for the health of the human body.

The taste is sweet cherry, and the berries also have the aromatic properties of bird cherry.

Self-pollination, regular decent yield indicator.

Undemanding care.

High immunity to diseases and harmful insects.

Not winter-hardy cherry varieties are grafted onto the culture.

There are no disadvantages.

Cerapadus: varieties

The most popular and widespread variety of cerapadus is Novella.

The tree grows up to three meters, the crown branches, densely covered with leaves.

Immunity to coccomycosis.

The root system is well developed.

Resistant to frosty periods.

The fruits are large, weighing up to five grams, painted in black, their surface is shiny, grow singly or in two.

Possesses self-fertility, pollination assistants are not required.

This variety is grown in the Central Black Earth Region, in the Kursk and Lipetsk regions.

"In memory of Lewandowski". The variety is represented by a shrub that grows up to about two meters. Fruits are large, sweet-sour, have a pronounced taste of bird cherry. It does not have self-fertility, neighbors are needed for pollination, cherry "Subbotinskaya" or "Lyubskaya" will do. The plant is resistant to frost periods, and is also distinguished by its tolerance to elevated temperature conditions. The yield indicator is average, it depends on how well the tree was pollinated, the weather does not affect the harvest. This is a novelty variety, it was bred for cultivation in the north.

Rusinka Cerapadus. The variety was bred specifically for the Moscow region. It is a shrub that grows up to two meters, has a powerful crown and a strong root system. Ripening period is mid-early. The yield indicator is decent, since the tree is pollinated on its own. The fruits are medium in size, black in color, and have a strong aroma. The taste is sweet and sour, the inner content is burgundy. It is easy to separate the bone. This variety is more often grown on an industrial scale for making cherry juices.

Varietal species of padocerus

Padocerus hybrids are on an equal footing with Cerapadus varieties in characteristic features, most varieties even have a better taste than Cerapadus species. The variety "Kharitonovsky" is in the greatest demand among summer residents; they got it from the basic hybrid variety "Padocerus-M".

Description. The hybrid is presented in the form of a tree growing up to three and a half meters. It is resistant to frosty periods, it is tolerant of low temperature conditions up to minus forty degrees. Medium ripeness, does not have self-fertility, helpers are needed for pollination.

The berries are deep red in color, the inner content is orange, the fruit weighs up to seven grams, grows singly.

Grown in Voronezh, Tambov, Lipetsk, Moscow and their regions.

Variety "Firebird". The plant is a bush that grows up to two and a half meters. Berries are dark red in color, tart, formed in a tassel. The average size of a berry is up to three and a half cm. The yield indicator is decent, the fruits are immune to infectious diseases. Resistance to frost periods is expressed at an average level, not cultivated in temperate latitudes. Areas with warm climates are recommended.

Variety "Crown". A young hybrid crop, has a decent yield indicator, resistance to frost periods. The berries are purple in color and grow in clusters on tassels. The taste is slightly sour, the aromatic properties are brightly given by bird cherry.It is a shrub that grows up to two meters. The plant is medium-leafed, the crown is loose. The bush is immune to diseases and harmful insects. Recommended for cultivation in the central Russian latitudes.

Cerapadus planting and cultivation

New specimens are grown from seedlings, which are purchased in special stores or nurseries with a good reputation. The plant is quite rare, it is not always possible to find it in garden plots, so be sure to check when you buy whether you have taken cerapadus.

A crop can be cultivated to get a berry harvest, other varieties can be grafted onto it so that it is the basis for rootstocks of several varietal species.

Planting progress.

These hybrids are planted in the spring season after the snow has melted or in the fall season three weeks before frosty periods begin. The plant has good tolerance to low temperature conditions, the root system will definitely not freeze. The adaptation of culture to a new place is very successful and fast, because its root system is developed.

The planting site should be open to sunlight, no shade, and the plants should be protected from harsh winds. The soil is selected, preferably neutral acidity, nutritious or medium-filled with nutrients. Drainage can be omitted, because the roots penetrate to a great depth, the surface occurrence of groundwater is not dangerous for cerapadus.

The planting pit is prepared three weeks before planting in the fall season. If planting is carried out in the spring season (somewhere in the first days of April), then the hole is prepared from the autumn season. The pits are dug out according to the standard - 50x50x40 cm. When planting in a group, the root circle in an elderly cerapadus is about two and a half meters, the planting material is planted at a distance of three meters between themselves. An interval of up to three and a half meters is observed between the rows.

Before planting, a soil substrate is prepared, which contains sand, peat and compost fertilizer in equal parts, potassium, phosphorus or nitrophoska is also added, the dosage is one hundred grams per three buckets of soil. Before planting, the roots are dipped in a solution for a couple of hours to stimulate root formation.

Algorithm.

At the bottom of the pit, half of the soil substrate is poured out in the form of a small mound.

A seedling is set on the hill, the roots are straightened.

Then the pit is filled up with the rest of the substrate, the soil is compacted to avoid empty spaces.

The hole is filled up to the end, the root collar remains above the surface soil layer.

Further, watering and mulching with straw or sawdust is carried out, needles are not used. In the next two years, the plant will grow slightly. During this period, a root system is formed. In the third year, there is a rapid growth and crown formation. Fruiting begins in the fifth year.

Cerapadus care

This culture is undemanding to care, especially an adult tree. In young plants, loosening of the soil and harvesting of weeds are carried out when necessary. The root growth is very dense and requires pruning. There is no need to water, the plant will have enough water obtained from the precipitation, during the dry period a young seedling is abundantly watered once every thirty days by the root method. Fertilizers are applied at the time of planting; further feeding is not required.

A mandatory procedure - the plant is treated with a Bordeaux mixture before the juice flows in the spring season, the trunk is whitewashed in the autumn and spring seasons. The shrub is almost not exposed to diseases and harmful insects. For prophylactic purposes or, if a disease is detected, the bush is treated with "Aktofit". You don't need to carry out anything else.

The hybrids we are considering in the form of a bush are decorative, when they bloom and bear fruit, in frequent cases they are used to create hedges.

The formation of the bush is carried out after three years. The stem of the trees is made up to sixty cm up, skeletal branches remain on three tiers. The branches of the lower tier are more authentic, the following are shortened in comparison with the previous ones. The tree is formed early in the spring before the sap begins to move or in the autumn season during the dormant period. In the spring season, old, dried twigs are pruned. The crown is thinned out, the root shoots are cut off. In the autumn season, preparation for the winter season is not needed, except that the root is covered with dry foliage or sawdust. An adult plant does not need to be covered.

Cerapadus reproduction

Reproduction is carried out only by cuttings. Cuttings are cut only from plants that have entered the full phase of fruiting. Bushes must be five years old or more. Cuttings are cut from the tops of young shoots. The shoot should be eight cm long. The seedling is placed in nutritious soil and placed in a shaded place. After root formation, the cuttings are planted in a permanent growing area.

Blanks

In most varieties, the berries are sweet, have a pronounced aroma, and are eaten fresh. The fruits combine the taste of cherry and bird cherry, the taste is original, for an amateur. There are hybrid varieties, the berries of which have astringency, bitterness, the taste is lost after exposure to high temperatures. Therefore, it is better to prepare juices, jams, preserves, compotes, wines or liqueurs from fruits. Before processing, the bone is necessarily removed from the fruit, it contains hydrocyanic acid.

Summary

Cerapadus and Padocerus are the basis of most varieties that are grown throughout Russia. From bird cherry, the plant inherited excellent immune protection against diseases, resistance to frost periods, strong roots. The culture inherited the appearance and taste of berries from cherries. The tree is grown as a fruit tree or cherries are grafted onto it.