Apple varieties for Siberia

Not a single site, garden or vegetable garden of our large country has long been imaginable without this fruit tree, although the regions of Siberia got a chance in the form of growing an apple tree quite recently, only in the 21st century. All this happened thanks to the efforts of breeders who were able to develop apple varieties for Siberia that are able to endure the harsh climate and surprises of nature, as well as bring a decent, tasty and bountiful harvest. Such varieties are also called "northern". In this article, we will analyze the varieties that can grow and delight the regions of Siberia with their fruits, as well as all the nuances associated with their cultivation.

Apple varieties for Siberia: description and characteristics

Apple-tree White filling: Photo of the variety

Nowadays, the variety of varieties and species is simply amazing. The first and most important task for a gardener before starting growing is to make the right choice in favor of a particular variety and then follow all the rules for growing. And only then will apple trees be able to give you a wonderful and plentiful harvest of ripe fruits, despite the harsh and cold climate. To grow apple trees in any region of Siberia, you should choose a variety that meets special requirements and characteristics. These are the characteristics that apple varieties should have for Siberia:

• Frost resistance. Should tolerate severe and long-term frosts fairly well. Now varieties have been bred that have an average and high level of frost resistance, which are hardy even to cold temperatures of -40 degrees. They, as a rule, are not demanding for high levels of lighting and humidity.
• Fruiting period and total yield. After all, hardly anyone wants to wait 6 years, when several fruits are formed, and with a reduced level of yield, varieties are not attractive.
• Aging period. To grow apple trees in such an unfavorable climate, these trees must have a fairly fast ripening period, even before the first frosts come.
• Persistent immunity to a variety of infections and diseases. The most important common and dangerous of them are scab, various kinds of rot and diseases, the causative agents of which are fungus. This also applies to harmful insects that are not averse to feeding on the foliage, fruits and bark of the apple tree.
• Taste features. The main preference of any gardener is sugar fruits, or with a small amount of acid, as well as juiciness and pleasant smell.
• Storage periods. It is a well-known fact that the longer the ripening period, the longer the shelf life, respectively.

The main thing is to know that before purchasing and growing a variety, you should definitely find out everything about it: its characteristics, zoning, ripening times, cultivation and care features, as well as reviews and recommendations from other farmers and gardeners. Then it will make your choice much easier.

The best varieties of apple trees for Siberia

Absolutely all varieties of apple trees for Siberia are highly resistant to frost and common diseases, for example, scab. Let's consider them in more detail.

Summer varieties of apple trees for Siberia

Gornoaltaiskoe. The fruiting period of the tree is average. Apple trees of this variety are capable of producing a regular and average yield. The apple tree itself grows medium in size, with small conical fruits that have a purple hue. The fruits need to be removed in time. In rainy weather, these apples have the peculiarity of cracking the skin during the ripening period. These fruits can be stored, but not for long, a maximum of three weeks.A fairly hardy variety for frost and scab disease.

Apple-tree Gornoaltaiskoye: Photo of the variety

Alyonushka... The tree of this variety is medium in size and is considered a semi-dwarf species. It has a distinctive feature in the form of rapid growth, but during the formation of fruits, the growth rate decreases. This apple tree has a rather leafy, but medium thickened crown, drooping. The fruits grow very small in size, have a straw color and a reddish-pink tint.

The inside of the fruit is juicy and fine-grained. According to the taste characteristics, the variety is distinguished by a sugar flavor with a slight sourness, a spicy and aromatic enough taste. The tree begins to bear fruit at about 4 years of age. He considers it his advantage to be very resistant to even the most severe cold, but has insufficient immunity to such a disease as scab. Details about the variety here.

Apple-tree Alyonushka: Photo of the variety

Melba... A long-standing and favorite apple variety. According to its characteristics, it does not differ in high frost resistance. But he is able to tolerate severe frosts and cold quite well on the condition that he will be provided with good insulation with agrofibre. Apple trees are often used on an industrial scale. The variety is distinguished by early ripening of fruits and a quick onset of fruiting. The size of the apple tree is small, but the apples grow quite large, each can reach a weight of 150 grams. The inside of the fruit is quite juicy and has a sweet, sour taste and a pleasant candy smell.

Apple-tree Melba: Photo of the variety

Ermakovskoe mountain... The apple tree grows medium in size and has a round crown, which is of medium density. The tree begins to bear fruit after 5 years of life, it does so at the very end of summer. The fruits are green in color with a scarlet coating. This variety has a low yield and a shelf life of about 30 days.

Apple-tree Ermakovskoe mountain: Photo of the variety

Ranetka Ermolaeva... This variety was bred specifically for Siberia. It has a medium size and very small fruits when ripe, which have a short shelf life, up to about one month. The overall yield is medium. The fruits have a yellowish-red peel. The tree begins to bear fruit at 4 years of age. Ripe fruits are used in canning and are consumed in processed form. The variety has a fairly strong immunity to diseases.

Altai crimson... Refers to the summer species of apple trees. Has a fairly fast fruiting. The variety is frost-resistant, but if it undergoes severe frosts, it is able to recover after that. Fruits, when ripe, are small, conical and purple in color. In terms of taste, these apples are very tasty, juicy, with a rather delicate inner part. The yield from each apple tree can reach up to 40 kilograms. The variety has a good shelf life advantage, about 55-60 days, which is usually unusual for summer apple trees.

Apple-tree Altai crimson: Photo of the variety

Zhebrovskoe... It is considered the earliest ripening variety for Siberia. The apple tree itself grows medium in height and has an oval-shaped crown, which is quite rare. This variety has very small, round, conical apples. They have a pale yellow color and a slightly washed out red tint. The inside of the fruit is quite juicy, with a sugar flavor and a slight sourness, and also has a rich aroma.

Apple-tree Zhebrovskoe: Photo of the variety

Minusinskoe red... The difference between this apple tree is its slow growth and a rather spreading crown of the tree. The variety has excellent immunity to fungal diseases. The fruits of the apple tree ripen very small in size, with a weak ribbed surface.They have a golden color with a brick tint at the rind. The inside of the fruit is very juicy and pleasant, has a sugar taste and a delicate aroma. The fruits of this variety do not have the peculiarity of crumbling. The harvested crop can be stored for about three weeks.

Apple-tree Minusinskoe red: Photo of the variety

Autumn varieties of apple trees for Siberia

The main difference between these species from summer varieties is the highest frost resistance, as well as better fruit ripening. Moreover, this fact greatly affects the taste characteristics.

Consider these varieties:

Ural bulk... The main distinguishing feature of the apple tree is considered to be a fairly quick onset of fruiting. Approximately in the second or third year of life, you can already get the first harvest. The fruits of this variety have a small size and a yellow-green color when ripe. But the taste of these apples is very pleasant and delicate, with a sweet and sour aftertaste. The fruits can be consumed both in processed and unprocessed form. The variety has a high yield.

Apple-tree Ural bulk: Photo of the variety

Altai souvenir... The apple tree has a small growth rate, with a not quite dense crown and branches extending almost at right angles. Fruits ripen with a mass of 70-130 grams, with a yellow color and strokes of a pink hue. The inside of the fruit is very tender and juicy, with a sweet and sour aftertaste and a fine-grained structure. The harvest can last at least 4 months.

Apple-tree Souvenir of Altai: Photo of the variety

Lungwort... The tree of this apple variety for Siberia has a fairly high growth and is distinguished by a very high endurance to fungal diseases and various kinds of rot. The crown of this tree should be formed and thinned out regularly every year, as it can thicken very quickly. It also determines the taste characteristics by its name. The yield in terms of its level is average. One fruit can weigh in the range of 90-160 grams. Apples are endowed with a greenish-yellow color with a red skin.

Apple-tree Medunitsa: Photo of the variety

White filling... Quite an ancient type of fruit trees. Both the apple tree itself and its fruits are of medium size. The inside of the fruit is very juicy and light, has a sour-wine flavor.

Apple-tree White filling: Photo of the variety

Surkhurai... It is considered one of the most favorite varieties for Siberia. Has an average height and apples ripened up to 100 grams in weight. The fruits are endowed with golden color and raspberry-colored stripes on the peel. The variety is endowed with quite good taste.

North synap... A fairly tall apple tree with a wide pyramid-shaped crown. For the fruits of this tree to reach full ripeness, it takes a long and warm summer. The fruits grow up to 115 grams in weight and are endowed with excellent taste characteristics, as well as a long shelf life.

Apple tree Sevarny synap: Photo of the variety

Tolunay... Although the variety is Siberian, in very strong and long-term frosts, the apple tree should be insulated. The fruits grow on average weighing from 90 to 140 grams, have the shape of a cone and a skin with a golden yellow color and red stripes. The inside is quite juicy and tender, endowed with a very bright aroma. The fruits can be eaten after 40-45 days.

Bayan... The apple tree of this variety can grow up to 4 meters in height. The fruiting period begins at the 4th year of the plant's life. Apples grow medium in size and usually weigh up to 80 grams, but in good and fruitful weather they can gain weight up to 140 grams. The harvest can be stored for up to 4 months.

Apple-tree Bayan: Photo of the variety

Mountain synap... The apple tree of this variety is endowed with medium growth and a round crown with rather infrequent branches. Fruits when ripe have a weight of about 80 to 160 grams and a golden color with a scarlet tinge. Apples of this species are endowed with quite good taste characteristics. The variety is distinguished by self-fertility, a quick onset of fruiting, as well as a constant and abundant harvest, which has an excellent shelf life, up to April.

Apple-tree Mountain Sinap: Photo of the variety

Anise purple... The tree of this variety has a very dense crown and leafy, as well as rather thick and powerful branches. The variety is distinguished by the presence of a constant and high yield, about 30 kilograms per plant. Its fruits are quite juicy and have a wonderful sweetish-wine flavor; they grow up to 80 grams in weight. The harvest of this variety is distinguished by a fairly long-term storage.

Apple-tree Anis purple: Photo of the variety

Cherished... The variety is distinguished by its rapid onset of fruiting, which is undoubtedly very popular with gardeners and gardeners. It characterizes itself as a variety with medium frost resistance, but has a number of advantages. This is a high immunity to diseases, a small size of an apple tree and a fairly high yield with excellent taste characteristics. The apples do not grow quite large and have a fabulous strawberry flavor. Also, the variety is distinguished by a fairly long-term storage, which is naturally very much appreciated.

Hope... The apple tree of this variety is quite tall when growing, although its fruits are rather small, but very tasty. The plant has excellent resistance to all natural disasters. It also has a pretty good immunity to diseases such as scab. The harvest of this tree has a good shelf life, about three months.

Apple-tree Nadezhda: Photo of the variety

Apple trees for Siberia - description of varieties

Apple varieties for Siberia are divided into three main groups: semi-cultivated, ranetka and large-fruited. And the large-fruited Siberian group most often has a creeping form. Let's consider these groups.

• Semi-cultural. The varieties of fruit trees in this group are endowed with remarkable taste characteristics. Therefore, the fruits of these plants are used both in processed form and not processed. These varieties are endowed with different periods of maturation and storage, and most often have a very rapid onset of fruiting. Here are some of them: Alyonushka, Gornoaltayskoye, Ermakovskoye Gornoye, Souvenir of Altai and some others.
• Ranetki. These are the most frost-tolerant varieties with a high yield. The fruits are very small, and the taste is tart and sour. They are usually used in processed form and in conservation. These include: Long, Ranetka Ermolaeva, Dobrynya, Change and many others.
• Creeping large-fruited. The varieties of this group differ in the form of excellent quality, but not too high frost resistance. Therefore, these varieties should be insulated for the winter. These varieties are: White filling, Northern Sinap, Medunitsa, Melba, Antonovka subspecies and others.

Features of planting and care

• Landing features

The best time to plant an apple tree in this harsh climate is spring. Otherwise, if planted in the fall, the seedling will not have time to take root and get stronger, and will most likely die in the winter season. It should also be noted that the landing period is the same for both Eastern and Western Siberia.

Experienced gardeners advise to dig in the acquired seedling in autumn with rotted humus, and very well, before the arrival of spring. The rules for the spring planting of seedlings of these fertile trees are no different from planting in other regions of Russia.

You also need to select and prepare the landing site in advance. It should be sufficiently lit and preferably sheltered from the winds. The close proximity of surface groundwater is completely contraindicated for these plants.

The soil should be slightly acidic. The seedling hole should be prepared in the fall. And then, in the spring, fertile soil is poured into it with top dressing and a young seedling is planted. After that, the new planting should be watered abundantly.

• Growing

The crown of these fruit trees needs regular pruning and shaping... For a young plant, these procedures have a stimulating effect and contribute to significant branching, as well as the formation of new shoots.And an adult tree requires so-called sanitary pruning and rejuvenation actions. This is, first of all, the removal of old, diseased and dry branches and shoots.

Growing apple trees in this harsh climate requires regular feeding mineral complex fertilizers. This will help the apple tree cope with the lack of lighting, heat and many other things that the plant lacks for growth and development. The only important thing is to know how to properly feed these trees.

Before this procedure, it is imperative to shed the earth well. After that, fertilizing is applied, and not at the very root, but next to it, around the trunk, in a hole prepared in advance for this procedure. Under these conditions, the plant requires almost no watering, unless there is a period of drought and extreme heat.

Before the onset of the winter season, it is worth preparing without fail. To do this, humus or peat is sprinkled around the trunk in one layer, but it should not be less than 20 centimeters. This procedure takes place in several stages. The layer is increased every time the air temperature starts to drop.

Thus, the apple tree will calmly move to the winter period. Plus, after the first layer of snow falls, they are sprinkled quite well around the trunk of the apple tree.

• Diseases and pests

These fruit trees are always surrounded by a huge number of dangers in the form of diseases and harmful insects. Therefore, prevention for apple trees is the most important condition for growing. New and modern varieties are bred with a distinctive feature of endurance to most ailments, including the most common and dangerous for apple trees - scab.

But there are times when even a plant with high immunity is exposed to such troubles, then fungicide preparations are used to fight. The milky shine disease is very actively spreading in apple trees. The plant sometimes does not even have time to give color. Flowers fall off, and the branches wither and dry out over time, and darken at the ends.

In order to prevent this trouble, you need to regularly every year carry out preventive treatment and timely, high-quality care of the apple tree. After all, although plants have increased immunity, completely resistant varieties have not yet been created.

The most resistant species for the regions of Siberia are the following varieties: Borovinka, Antonovka, Welsey, Medunitsa, Souvenir of Altai and Altai Bagryanoe.

Varieties of apple trees for the regions of Siberia

Apple tree columnar President: Photo of the variety

Columnar. Although experienced farmers and gardeners recommend not taking up the cultivation of columnar apple trees in such a harsh climatic zone, there are some of them who have managed to grow such varieties, and with sufficient success. They just need to be given more attention and care, but they need to be insulated for the winter. The most hardy to frost include:

• The president. It is most adapted to the harsh Siberian climate. It has rather large apples weighing up to 250 grams, with an excellent and long-lasting aroma. They taste rather sweet, with sourness.
• Nectar. In terms of taste, the fruits of this variety are fully consistent with their name. Plus, it has a fairly good frost resistance. The harvest can be stored for up to 1.5 months.
• Iksha. The fruits of this variety are actively used in the preparation of preserves and jams, since the main difference between these fruits is their high content of fructose. The variety has a high immunity to various diseases.
• Senator. Apples, when growing, have an average diameter and a darkened scarlet color. The variety is characterized by a high level of immunity to many different infections, such as powdery mildew. The pulp is very tasty and juicy, with a sugar flavor.
• Currency. The variety is endowed with remarkable immunity to various infections.The apples, when growing, are of medium diameter and have a wonderful dessert flavor. Differs in the ability to long-term storage.

These species, highly resistant to cold weather, include such as Vasyugan, Iskorka, Dialogue, Ostankino, Chervonets and many others.

Stamp. Standard autumn varieties adapt much better to the harsh climate of Siberia, and apples can ripen of excellent quality. These include: Miasskoe, Memory of Zhavoronkov, Nadezhda, Anis purple, Ural bulk, Gornoaltaiskoe and Vysokoe.

Dwarf. There are quite a few gardeners who dream of seeing small-sized apple trees on their plot, which could be easier to care for, and they would take up very little space. In addition, grafted fruits on a dwarf rootstock bear fruit much faster and are much more resistant to frost, in comparison with other species. The most famous dwarfs include: Zarya Alatau, Welsey, Zhigulevskoe, Aport and Russian beauty.

Apple varieties for Siberia - rating

There is a so-called varietal rating of apple trees, differing in various characteristics. Let's analyze them.

• By zoning

Fruit shrubs and trees that want to grow in difficult weather conditions must have excellent hardiness for the frosty season. And these varieties can already be divided into one more groups, such as: low-frost-resistant varieties, medium-winter-hardy varieties and high-frost-resistant varieties.

The latter of them are able to endure a decrease in temperature levels down to -45 degrees. It is worth remembering about the ripening period. And in such conditions, when the summer is rather short, this is quite an important fact.

Only early and mid-early apple trees will be able to give you a good and fully ripe harvest. The height of the apple tree is also a huge and significant fact. The highest varieties are more likely than others to undergo various damage from gusty winds. Therefore, it is worth stopping your choice on those varieties that are the strongest and most resistant to these weather disasters, more precisely, to the zoned varieties.

For Western Siberia, these will be: Bayana, Altai Beauty, Mountain Sinap, Altai Amber, Surkhurai, Shushenskoe, Poklon to Shukshin and Tolunai. But for Eastern Siberia it is: Young Naturalist, Autumn joy, Lydia, Summer early, Lyubimitsa Shevchenko, Minusinskoe dessert, Red Melba and others.

• By taste characteristics

The taste features of the ranetki are not entirely excellent, because they are endowed with a tart and sour aftertaste. Semi-crops have excellent gustatory characteristics. And large-fruited varieties are not only endowed with excellent taste, but also a rich aroma.

• According to the characteristics of fruiting

Most often it happens that these fruit trees in the difficult Siberian climate begin to bear fruit periodically. But there are also such varieties of apple trees that bring crops regularly every year. Here are some of them: Gornoaltaiskoe, Smuglyanochka, Severyanka and Altai sweet. Although with the normal development of the crown of the tree and with high-quality timely care of the plant, a lot of apple trees at a small age can produce a crop annually.

Not so long ago, Siberian farmers could not keep the apple harvest for more than 30 days, but now they have developed numerous varieties that can lie and retain their taste characteristics from two to six months. These include: Treasured, Souvenir of Altai, Bayan, Altynai, Nadezhda, Gift to gardeners.

Based on the characteristics of varieties with large fruits, very few varieties can get along in Siberia, about a dozen. Although, based on the experience of experienced farmers, their number is much higher. After all, they say the same about grapes, but it grows pretty well.

Here are some varieties with large apples for the regions of Siberia: Grushevka Moskovskaya, Aport, Anis, Bely naliv, Welsey, Melba and Borovinka.Numerous varieties have been bred that ripen in a fairly short Siberian summer, and besides, produce relatively large fruits.

Conclusion

The frosty, hard and rather long winter, as well as the short summer, create difficulties not only for beginners, but also for quite experienced farmers. Therefore, in order to grow such a fruit crop in your area and get a good harvest, you need to try.

First of all, you need to familiarize yourself with the characteristics and characteristics of varieties, read reviews, and then provide the plant with proper, high-quality care and increased care. And then the apple trees will not only delight you with their beautiful color, but also quite a good harvest of delicious fruits.