Rowan is decorative.
Content:
Rowan is very popular with landscape designers and horticulturists. It gained popularity not only for the picturesqueness of the bunches, the elegance of the leaves and the brightness of the berries, but also for the high degree of frost resistance and unpretentiousness in agricultural technology. In this article, you will learn about the popular mountain ash varieties.
Types and varieties of mountain ash.
A tree of a certain variety may differ from others in its size, for example, the growth of a reduced mountain ash - 0.6 m, and a Tibetan mountain ash - often more than 20 m. Low-height varieties of mountain ash are widely used in decorating small-area gardens.
In the autumn season, the color of rowan leaves changes, and the clusters become bright red, orange, yellow, pink or white. The average size of fruits is one cm in diameter, so they are often called "berries", but let us tell you a secret - these are the most real tiny apples. The rich color lures a large number of birds to the garden area, but the berries of white and yellow colors remain to winter on the branches, since they are unattractive to birds. Leaves are compound (feathery) or simple, the leaf blade is one and the petiole is also the only one. The cirrus leaf has serrated edges, it is 0.1-0.3 m long. The rowan has small flowers of white or cream (sometimes pinkish) color, the rowan inflorescences are paniculate or corymbose, their diameter is 5-20 cm.The blooming of flowers occurs in the spring season or on the first summer days. The bark of young trees is smooth, cracking occurs over the years.
Nowadays, there are a large number of rowan varieties that are actively used in landscape design. Each variety is unique in its own way and differs in its decorative properties and characteristics.
Mountain ash".
This variety of mountain ash is the best species for the middle Russian latitudes. The tree can often be wild, found in European, Siberian, Far Eastern and North African territories.
An adult, mature tree can grow up to 15 meters, often it can be found in the form of a large shrub form. This variety is distinguished by large, openwork, pinnate, dark green leaves; in the autumn season, the color changes to yellow, orange and red.
The tree blooms in the last days of July, for about one to two weeks. On the plant, small beige flowers germinate, forming large corymbose inflorescences. The flowers have a strong specific scent that resembles the smell of fish.
The berries of this variety are sweet, colored in a red tint. Ripening of berries begins on the last summer days. The fruits hang on the mountain ash until the onset of cold snaps.
The variety is easy to care for. Rowan "Ordinary" is propagated by seeds, there are cases of propagation by cuttings.To date, a large number of decorative subspecies of this variety are known, differing in an individual crown: spreading, weeping or pyramidal; color and taste of berries; foliage colors: white-variegated, golden, etc. Trees are often planted in gardens and parks in groups or singly.
Rowan "Nevezhinskaya".
A distinctive feature of this variety of mountain ash is that the fruits are not bitter. The homeland of the variety is the village of Nevezhino (Vladimir region). Several centuries ago, the variety was widely cultivated throughout the central Russian region, later breeders brought out a separate category of ornamental mountain ash species. Further, they were crossed with other rowan varieties, with pear, medlar and hawthorn.
An adult, mature tree of this variety grows up to 10-15 meters, its crown is dense, in the form of a wide pyramid. The bark of the plant is smooth, colored in pale brown or in a reddish-burgundy hue; the leaves of the tree are solid, in the form of a rounded ellipse, with jagged edges. Young leaves have a white-felt coloration, which eventually changes to green. At the equator of the autumn season, the leaves turn scarlet and brown. The tree begins to bloom in the first summer month, flowering continues for 7-10 days. Inflorescences are large, corymbose, composed of small white flowers. The berries are round, they can be eaten, they are 2 cm in diameter in size, painted in fiery colors, ripen in the first autumn month. Berries are juicy, impatient, contain biologically active substances and vitamin C. Vitamin C, by the way, is more than in lemon. The variety is highly frost-resistant, has good tolerance to polluted air. The best growth and development occurs on alkaline soil. The mountain ash is propagated by the seed method, in rare cases it can be propagated by cuttings. This variety has several decorative subspecies for the garden, with large inflorescences and golden foliage. The best pollinator of the variety is the mountain ash species "Businka".
Rowan "Home".
Rowan "Domashnyaya", or "Large-fruited" ("Crimean"), grows throughout the European territory, excluding its northern parts, in the Crimea, in the north-west of the African continent and in the south-west of the Asian territory.
A mature tree can grow up to 15-30 m, its crown is in the form of a wide pyramid or ball. The leaves of this variety are large, their length is 20 cm, pinnate, reminiscent of the leaves of the mountain ash "Ordinary". The plant blooms from June 1-15, flowering duration 10-14 days. The inflorescences are large, in the form of a wide pyramid, they are formed by small flowers of white or pinkish color, their diameter is 2 cm. This variety is frost-resistant and resistant to dry periods to a high degree, almost not susceptible to pests. Reproduction is carried out by seed. On garden plots, with the help of this variety of mountain ash, decorative alleys are created, in addition, the tree is grown as a fruit tree. Fully ripened berries are very sweet, so they are used in culinary business, and the fruits are also used in medicine.
Rowan "Intermediate" ("Swedish").
The tree has a crown in the form of an oval, grows up to 10-20 meters, grows in northern European territory. The bark of this plant is smooth, colored gray, leaves are whole, oblong-ovate, slightly divided into lobes. In the autumn season, the leaves turn bright scarlet and orange. The variety blooms from the first days of summer, flowering duration is 1-2 weeks. Inflorescences are large, corymbose, composed of small white flowers. The berries are deep red in color, they can be eaten, the diameter of the fruits is 1 cm, ripening occurs at the equator of the last summer month.This variety is almost impossible to propagate by cuttings, propagation by seeds, or by grafting. The trees have good resistance to frost and dry periods and to air pollution.
Rowan "Hybrid".
The variety is popular in the Scandinavian countries, it is a natural hybrid obtained by crossing the rowan varieties "Intermediate" and "Ordinary". An adult mature mountain ash grows up to 10-15 meters, the crown of young seedlings is columnar or conical, acquiring a rounded shape with age. The leaf is solid, lobed, in the autumn season it is painted in a rusty-brown color. The plant begins to bloom in the last days of May, the first days of June, flowering continues for about 14 days. The large flowers are white, their diameter is 2 cm, the inflorescences formed by the flowers are corymbose. This variety has a large number of edible subspecies with juicy, rich red fruits up to 1 cm in diameter, ripening in the first autumn month. Reproduction of the variety is carried out by seeds and cuttings.
Varieties of common mountain ash.
Rowan "Ordinary" - the most popular variety of mountain ash, which has a large number of decorative subspecies, differing in color: from orange to deep red.
"Scarlet large".
This subspecies of Rowan "Ordinary" is the most valuable variety of this species. Ripening period is medium late. Breeders crossed several pear varieties to obtain the "Scarlet Large". The plant is medium-sized, reaches a height of 6 meters; its crown is in the form of a pyramid, medium in density; the fruits of this mountain ash are juicy, weigh more than 4 grams, look like cherry berries and have practically no bitterness. The berries are in the shape of a cylinder, slightly flattened, have a regular shape, as well as a slight ribbing of scarlet-red color. Taste qualities of fruits are sweet-sour, have a spicy mountain ash aftertaste. "Scarlet large" is frost-resistant to a high degree, can tolerate frost periods down to -50 degrees. The variety has early maturity and versatility. The average yield of an adult mountain ash is 150 kg or more.
"Bead".
A variety of low stature, a mature tree grows up to 3 meters. The rounded crown of the tree is of medium density; the fruits of mountain ash are rounded, colored in ruby-red colors, the taste is reminiscent of cranberry flavor. The inner contents of the berries are juicy, creamy, moderately dense, with a sweet-sour taste, not giving off bitterness or astringency. Fruiting of the variety begins 4-5 years after planting. The plant is thermophilic, frost-resistant to a high degree, and has immunity to diseases. The yield is stable, the fruits are well transported.
"Pomegranate".
The variety is obtained by crossing a variety of mountain ash "Ordinary" with a hawthorn "Large-fruited". An adult tree grows up to 3-4 meters, the berries are identical in size to the size of cherry fruits. Taste qualities of berries are sweet-sour, slightly tart, almost not bitter. The variety is frost-resistant to a high degree, the yield indicator is decent, fruiting begins from 3 years after planting.
"Gorgeous".
The variety is obtained by crossing the "Ordinary" mountain ash with a pear. The crown of the plant is wide, in the form of a pyramid, a mature tree grows up to 6 meters or more. Rowan is famous for its decent yield indicator every year. The berries are large in size, have a slight astringency, weigh up to 2 grams, are painted in a bright orange-red color, of an unusual elongated shape.
"Hope".
The plant is undersized, its fruits are large, weigh 1.8-2 grams, and contain a large amount of the most valuable elements for humans. The variety has early maturity and high yield.
Ruby.
A dwarf tree, grows up to 2-2.3 meters, its crown is spreading, the fruits are large, weigh 1.8 grams, painted in ruby colors, their taste is sweet-sour.
"Titanium".
The variety was obtained in this way: scientists crossed the mountain ash "Ordinary", pear and apple "Krasnolistnaya". The tree is medium-sized, its crown is wide, round in shape, the berries are large, weigh 2 grams, painted in a dark scarlet color, they are covered with a bluish tinge on top. The variety is frost-resistant and has a high yield every year.
Varieties of sweet-fruited mountain ash.
The discoverer of this group of mountain ash varieties is a popular breeder from Russia Michurin IV. He brought out "Burka", "Pomegranate", "Dessert", "Likernaya" varieties of mountain ash. Currently, this category of varieties is very wide.
«Burka».
The variety belongs to the garden rowan forms. We got the variety like this: we crossed "Sorbaronia alpine" with mountain ash "Ordinary". The tree begins to bear fruit from 2-3 years after planting. The plant is of short stature, its crown is compact, a mature tree reaches a height of 2.5 meters, no more. The leaves are simple, pinnate, the plant is highly frost-resistant. The yield indicator of the variety is worthy - 50 kg of fruits from one tree. Medium fruits are brown in color, slightly tart, they can be stored for three to four months.
"Vefed".
This variety comes from the Nevezhinskaya mountain ash. Variety of the middle period of maturity, the tree has a thin, rounded crown. An adult, mature tree grows up to four meters. The plant is small in size, bears fruit steadily, its berries are shiny, painted in an orange-pinkish color. The average weight of the fetus is 1.5 grams. The inner content of the berry is yellow, tender, sweet-sour, therefore, the fruits can be eaten fresh.
This type of mountain ash is frost-resistant to a high degree, has immunity to diseases, bears fruit abundantly. The tree begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting. Fruits ripen at the equator of the last summer month.
Sorbinka.
The ripening period of this variety is mid-autumn. The tree is small, a mature plant grows up to six meters, the crown in the form of an egg, on the contrary, has an average level of thickening. Active fruiting begins from the fourth year of development. The berries of the variety are round, colored red, weigh 2.7 grams or more, the inner content of the berry is yellowish, juicy, sweet-sour, impatient and not bitter. Rowan loves to grow and develop in areas well-lit by the sun, it is frost-resistant, almost not susceptible to disease.
"Dessert Michurina".
The popular name is "miracle berry". The tree is small in size, grows up to 2 meters, actively blooms in spring. Ripening of fruits occurs from July to August, the berries themselves are large, weigh 1.5-2 grams, they can be eaten, are painted in bright ruby colors, the taste of the fruits is sweetish-tart. Berries are a storehouse of organic acids and minerals, so they are often used in the preparation of compote and tea, and are also used in medicine.
Likernaya Michurina.
When breeding the variety, we crossed the mountain ash "Burka", apple and pear varieties. The crown of the tree is sparse, a mature plant grows up to 5 meters, its fruits are large (up to 15 mm in diameter), colored maroon to black, covered with a bluish tinge, having sweet-sour taste, are rich in ascorbic acid. Desserts are prepared from the berries, and the fruits are also used as a seasoning for soups and sauces. The yield indicator of the variety is worthy - 120 kg per tree, the variety is also frost-resistant and resistant to dry periods to a high degree. Active fruiting begins from 5 years after planting, the tree blooms in the last days of May and the first days of June. Fruit ripening begins in the first half of the autumn season, as a rule, this occurs in the first autumn month.
Although the variety is frost-resistant, it can be rotted. Fresh berries can be stored for a month. For better fruiting of mountain ash, the plant should be cross-pollinated.
"The daughter of a vat".
The period of maturity of this variety is early autumn. The tree is of medium size, its crown is sparse and paniculate, the active fruiting of the plant begins from 5 years after its planting. The fruits have an oblong shape, bright fiery color, and weigh 2 grams. The inner content of the fruit is yellow, without astringency and bitterness. The variety actively bears fruit in large quantities, the yield per rowan is 90 kg. Ripening of berries occurs on August days, berries are used both fresh and for canning. The best soil for the variety is loose, not swampy, because the tree will not be able to grow on it.
"Sugar Petrova".
The grade - one of the rarest varieties of mountain ash, it was almost lost, but scientists have restored and multiplied this variety. This is the sweetest variety of mountain ash, as the berries are sugary. The fruits are used to prepare wines, liqueurs, juices, compotes, jelly, and jams. Berries are rich in vitamin C (they contain more of it compared to lemon), carotene (the concentration is higher than in carrots), P-active substances (there are more of them in mountain ash than in apples). Rowan is a storehouse of sorbitol, a natural substitute for sugar for diabetics and iron, which quantitatively exceeds the iron level of any other fruit and berry crops by three to four times.
"Solar".
The period of maturity of the "Solnechnaya" variety of mountain ash is early autumn. The tree is of medium size, its crown is paniculate, the shoots are thick, greenish-gray in color, the leaves are complex, pinnate, dark green in color, have serrate-crenate edges. Active fruiting begins from the fifth year of development. The fruits are oblong, weigh 2 grams, are colored in a rich orange color with a tinge of cherry color. The inner content of the berries is deep yellow in color, the taste is sweet, impatient and does not taste bitter. Fruit ripening occurs at the equator of the last summer month. Berries contain a large amount of vitamins and elements useful for the body, therefore they are actively used in folk medicine, for preventive measures and the treatment of diseases.
"Moravskaya".
A tree of high growth, crown in the form of a narrow pyramid, over the years it takes the form of a wide pyramid. The leaves grow up to 25 cm, they have slight differences from other varieties of mountain ash. One leaf carries 7-9 pairs of smaller leaves, extending from each other by 2-3 cm on one petiole, so the crown looks delicate. The lanceolate leaf blade, its edges have a pronounced openwork appearance. The flowering of the variety begins a couple of days later than other varieties. The inflorescences are large in size, the fruits are oval, their width is 1 cm, they are colored scarlet-red, the inner content of the berry is pale orange, juicy and sweet, without astringency.
Varieties of decorative mountain ash.
Some rowan varieties are widely used to decorate gardens and summer cottages, because they are very decorative. In addition to the usual varieties of scarlet and black colors, breeders have bred unique species with fruits of yellow, orange and white colors.
"Yellow".
The leaves of this variety are pinnate, complex, they contain narrow serrated leaves (10-15 pieces). In the summer season, they are painted in a dark green color, with the onset of the autumn season, the color changes to rich yellow and red. Thin, flexible shoots can lean towards the soil if the tree has a lot of fruit. The flowers are small, white in color. The inflorescences have a diameter of 8-10 cm. The bunches are large, but the berries are inedible for people fresh, but very attractive for birds. Rowan kvass, jam are prepared from the fruits, or pies are stuffed with them.
"Ogonyok".
This variety is an excellent solution for beginner gardeners who want to get fruits early with rich taste. A tree of short stature, unpretentious to care, bears abundant fruit, the yield indicator is worthy, the color of the fruits changes along with the stage of maturity: at the first stage, the berries are painted in a light yellow color, eventually changing to bright scarlet. The main advantage of this variety is resistance to various negative weather moods. The mountain ash is tolerant to dry and severe frost periods.
"Cubic".
This variety is a derivative form of the "Nevezhinskaya" variety of mountain ash. The tree is medium-sized, its crown is sparse, paniculate, leaves are thin, large, consist of short, pointed, lanceolate leaves. Fruits are oblong, colored in a bright orange hue, impatient and not bitter, their inner contents are juicy, tender, bright yellow in color. Berries can be eaten fresh in a grated form, and you can also make winter preparations from them (jam, jams, jam). Ripening occurs in the first half of the first autumn month. The trees are planted singly or planted in groups to form a garden arrangement.
Kene.
This variety is dwarf, reaches a height of up to 2 meters, its fruits are edible, sour, impatient and not bitter. The maximum yield is 2 glasses. However, the variety is popular in garden design for its rich decorative qualities. Ripening of fruits begins in the August days, the berries are painted in a snow-white color, they grow in length up to 6-7 mm in cross-section. Active flowering and fruiting begins 5 years after planting. In the field of garden design, the method of combining various mountain ash varieties is widely used. For example, by combining on the same territory the mountain ash "Yellow", "Scarlet large" and "Kene", you can create a decorative composition of the garden.
Rowan varieties for the Moscow region.
The best varieties of mountain ash for the Moscow region can be considered: "Titan", "Likernaya", "Granatnaya", "Vefed", "Sorbinka", "Nevezhinskaya", "Moravskaya", "Scarlet large", "Businka", "Dessertnaya Michurina" ...
The cost of one seedling depends on its age and decorativeness. In a nursery near Moscow, the price of an annual sapling is 600 rubles.
Rowan varieties for the Siberian region.
The best varieties for the harsh Siberian climatic conditions: Moravskaya, Businka, Burka, Nevezhinskaya, Dessertnaya, Scarlet Large, Granatnaya, Titan, Sorbinka.
Best of all, adaptation to the winter season takes place in the rowan "Nevezhinskaya", the rest of the varieties require optimal conditions for a favorable living. In order to avoid the death of plants in the winter season, professionals advise to plant sweet-fruited varieties on the crown of the mountain ash "Nevezhinskaya".
Flowers of the "Nevezhinskaya" variety have good tolerance for lowering temperature conditions to -3 degrees. But this variety can react badly to the shadow. Summer residents assure that after a cold snap, the taste of berries improves, becomes brighter.
It is recommended to buy seedlings from the nursery. The seedlings should not be mechanically damaged, because in the future this will lead to poor development of trees, and maybe even to their death.
Summary.
The varieties that we presented to you in this article will help you understand the variety of mountain ash species. Each variety is unique in its own way. For example, berries of sweet varieties of mountain ash are valued for their vitamin and mineral composition, therefore they are used in culinary and medicine. Decorative varieties are successfully used in landscape design to decorate territories.