Cabbage varieties

When planting cabbage, one of the most important factors in harvesting a decent yield will be the selection of the appropriate variety. After all, even if you make every effort to, but at the same time, use a variety that is not suitable for your region, or, for example, wait in June for cabbage for a vitamin salad from planting a late-ripening variety, then any desire to plant this wonderful vegetable.

Cabbage varieties: how to choose the right variety?

The answer to this question for a novice summer resident follows from a decision on three other issues:

1. What time do you plan to harvest (summer or autumn)?

2. What are your taste preferences?

3. How will you use the harvested crop?

And what is it like, cabbage?

Based on the timing of ripening, cabbage is divided into early maturing, mid-maturing and late-maturing.

Which particular variety to choose depends on the peculiarities of the temperature regime of the growing zone, as well as soil characteristics.

By 2018, the state register of plants includes as many as 432 cabbage varieties. This vegetable, perhaps, can be called the record holder for the variety of varietal characteristics. But this primordially Russian vegetable is rich not only in a variety of varietal species, but also in the content of nutrients, in particular vitamin C. After all, there is much more of it in our cabbage than in imported oranges and lemons. There is a lot of vitamin R. in cabbage.

Early ripe cabbage

Early cabbage varieties reach maturity approximately 120 days after planting, while its yield is slightly lower than that of later varieties, the heads reach smaller sizes, and keeping quality and area of ​​use are much lower. Early varieties of cabbage are used, as a rule, for preparing first and second courses, salads, as a preparation for future use for winter consumption, it is not suitable.

Here are the main characteristics of early maturing varieties:

The period from emergence to technical ripeness is 90-120 days

The taste of the leaves is delicate, juicy

Heads of cabbage are medium-sized, have an airy structure

· Not too demanding on soil fertility and can grow even with a fairly close "neighborhood".

Late-ripening varieties have the following characteristics:

The period from emergence to technical ripeness is from 130 to 210 days (ripens after the end of harvesting early varieties)

Heads of cabbage are medium-sized, compacted, productivity is high

· The taste is juicy, slightly bitter, the leaves are white, sugary.

· The keeping quality of cabbage forks is high, they are stored until the onset of cold weather.

During storage, late varieties of cabbage seem to continue to ripen, their taste becomes more pleasant

Mid-season varieties combine the characteristics of the two previous species. This species ranks first in popularity among summer residents and rural residents, since it has a wide range of food uses, from salads to winter preparations.

Below are the main characteristics of the most common early cabbage varieties.

Cabbage varieties: varieties suitable for widespread cultivation

June - the mass of cabbage forks is from 1 to 2.5 kg, yield - 6 kg per m².It is used fresh as food.

Golden hectare 1432 - weight of heads from 1.5 to 3.5 kg, yield - from 5 to 8 kg per m². Suitable for fresh food.

No. 1 Gribovsky-147 - head weight from 1 to 2 kg, yield - 2.5 to 7 kg per m². In food they are used fresh.

Polar K-206 - head mass from 2 to 3 kg, yield - 5-6 kg per m². It is eaten fresh, and is also suitable for harvesting for the winter by preservation or fermentation.

Cabbage varieties: varieties that cope with the lack of moisture in the soil

Cossack - head weight from 1-1.5 kg, yield –3.5-4.5 kg per m². This variety can easily survive both low temperatures (up to negative values) and elevated (over 25 ° C), is rarely exposed to diseases. They are eaten fresh.

Rinda - the weight of the cabbage fork reaches 7kg, and the yield is 10kg per m². This variety is capable of growing at any temperature conditions, as well as at any humidity. It is used both fresh and for preparation for future use.

Tobia - the mass of heads reaches 7 kg, yield - from 4 to 7 kg per m². Suitable for fresh use.

Slava 1305 - the mass of heads is from 2.5 to 4.5 kg, the yield reaches 12 kg per m². This variety is very suitable for fermentation, but it can also be used fresh.

Hope - heads of cabbage of this variety do not crack with a lack of moisture, their weight is 3-3.5 kg, yield - from 7.5 to 12 kg per m².

Cabbage varieties: varieties that yield good yields even in low temperatures

Polar region - the variety has increased requirements for moisture and light. The weight of cabbage forks is 1-1.5 kg, the yield reaches 9 kg per m². Fresh cabbage is consumed.

Junior - the variety withstands dense plantings. Head mass - 1.5-2 kg, yield from 3.5 to 6 kg per m². They are eaten fresh.

Sibiryachka - heads of cabbage ripen even at low air temperatures, do not crack. Head mass - 2-4.5 kg, yield - from 3.5 to 8.5 kg per m².

Florin is one of the longest-lasting varieties. Head weight - from 2 to 4.5 kg, yield - 3.5-6.5 kg per m².

Belorusskaya 455 is a light-loving variety that grows until the air drops to -4 ° С. Suitable for fermentation. Head weight - from 1.5 to 4 kg, yield - from 5 to 7.5 kg per m².

Cabbage varieties: late varieties

Most of all known varieties of cabbage are precisely late-ripening varieties. They have a higher, in comparison with the early ones, productivity, they are suitable for winter harvesting. Usually, late varieties are suitable for growing in large quantities, so that there are enough reserves for the whole winter, because if the required temperature and humidity are observed, it is suitable for food during the entire cold season.

Late varieties of cabbage are planted with seeds immediately to a permanent place, be sure to observe the planting dates specified in the instructions. If you plant cabbage a little earlier, then head cracking may occur, and if you are late with planting, then the harvest may not meet expectations.

Below are the main characteristics of popular varieties of late-ripening cabbage.

Cabbage varieties suitable for widespread cultivation:

Moscow late 15 - this variety is less attacked by pests, the heads of cabbage do not crack, and the harvest is stored for an average of 7 months. Head mass - from 3.5 to 5 kg, yield - 1-12 kg / m², growing season - from 143 to 160 days.

Valentine - a variety resistant to fusarium and gray rot, the taste of the leaves is sweetish, the harvest is able to survive - until next summer. Head mass - 3-4 kg, yield up to 16 kg / m², period from germination to technical ripeness - from 155 to 180 days.

Gingerbread man - the variety is resistant to punctate necrosis and thrips, the shelf life of the crop is 10 months. Head mass - 2-3kg, yield up to 12kg / m², growing season - 145-150 days.

Mara - the weight of the cabbage fork is up to 3 kg, the yield is up to 9 kg per m², the growing season is from 160 to 175 days.

Lennox - head mass from 1.5 to 2.5 kg, yield - from 4.5 to 10.5 kg per m², growing season - from 167 to 174 days.

Extra - head mass 2.5-3 kg, yield - 5-6 kg / m², development period - from 157 to 170 days.

These varieties are not prone to the accumulation of nitrates and radionuclides, the heads of cabbage do not crack, the harvest retains its quality for up to 7 months.

Cabbage varieties for the northern regions of the country

Orion is a high-yield variety, resistant to fusarium and bacteriosis, not picky about temperature and humidity. Head weight 4-5 kg, yield - up to 10 kg / m², growing season - from 165 to 170 days.

Amager - this variety is not often damaged by pests, but it is not resistant to fusarium and bacteriosis, does not tolerate hot weather, and can be stored for up to six months. The mass of the heads is 3-4 kg, the yield reaches 12 kg per m², the growing season is from 120 to 147 days.

Aggressor - the variety is resistant to fusarium and thrips, not picky about care. Head mass from 3 to 5 kg, yield - 4.5-6.5 kg / m², growing season - from 120 to 150 days.

Gift - a variety with easily tolerates moderate frosts, does not impose high requirements on the composition of the soil. The mass of the heads is 2.5-4.5 kg, the yield is 10 kg per m², the development period is about 145 days.

The most popular varieties of red cabbage

This dietary type of cabbage is not so widespread among our summer residents, although in terms of the amount of vitamins and minerals important for life, it significantly surpasses white cabbage. This cabbage also has a long shelf life, as well as a wide range of uses: salads are made from it, used as side dishes, and also harvested for future use in winter.

Red cabbage can be planted either as seeds directly to a permanent place or through seedlings; it is not afraid of many pests and is less susceptible to "classic" cabbage diseases.

This cabbage should be harvested after the onset of frost; under the influence of low temperatures, it becomes even tastier.

Here are the most common varieties of red cabbage.

Calibros (Kalibos). It is worth planting this cabbage on your site even for the sake of its truly royal appearance. The bright purple leaves of this cabbage are collected in dense heads of cabbage that look like rosebuds. The weight of the forks reaches 2.5kg. The growing season is about 120 days. The taste of cabbage is delicate, there are no coarse veins on the leaves, so this variety can be called a salad variety.

This variety easily survives strong fluctuations in air temperature, is not afraid of small frosts and high humidity. The harvested crop can be stored for 4 months.

Gako 741. The most popular variety of red cabbage in our country. Its growing season is approximately 180 days, therefore, this variety belongs to the late maturing.

The bluish-purple, as if waxed leaves of this cabbage form round, slightly flattened heads of cabbage weighing up to 3 kg. This variety is not picky about the composition of the soil, and the harvest can be stored until next summer. Moreover, over time, the taste of cabbage only improves, the characteristic slight bitterness disappears.

Example. A variety of universal use, high-yielding, early maturing, transportable. The growing season is only 75-80 days, which means that this cabbage can be planted both in early spring and in the middle of summer to get a harvest throughout the summer. This variety easily tolerates small frosts, is resistant to various diseases, heads of cabbage do not crack.

Bright purple leaves with white veins of this cabbage form round heads weighing 2 kg. The taste of this variety is pleasant, without bitterness, suitable for use in salads and as a side dish.

Varna F1. An early ripening (ripening period - about 90 days) hybrid of Japanese selection, which is quite popular among our gardeners. Forms dense, purple oval heads of cabbage weighing up to 3 kg. Applied for fresh consumption and for canning. Varna is not demanding on the care regimen, easily tolerates heat, and is resistant to diseases. The yield is up to 10kg per m².

Overview of varieties of Chinese cabbage

Chinese cabbage has recently gained popularity among our gardeners.Because of its delicate leaves, it is often referred to as salads, but in its biology it is precisely a member of the cabbage family. This cabbage is used for making salads, various main courses, and even for canning.

Growing this cabbage outdoors has some challenges as it is prone to flowering. However, if you choose the right varieties, as well as the temperature regime and the required humidity, then the harvest will certainly meet your expectations.

Here are the most popular, low-maintenance varieties of Peking cabbage.

• Russian size. A high-yielding hybrid of our selection, suitable for cultivation throughout our country, including the northern regions. The ripening period is 75-80 days, and the head weight reaches 4 kg.

• Cha-cha. An early ripe (only 55 days) variety, adapted for cultivation in the northern regions of our country and in the Urals. Can be grown in seedlings, which further shortens the ripening period. The weight of the head is 3kg on average.

• Orange tangerine. It is named so due to the presence of an orange core. An early ripe variety - the growing season is 40 days, as a result of which it is possible to harvest this cabbage throughout the summer, planting seeds at different times.

The variety is cold-resistant, grows well even in tight "small-sized" conditions. Heads of cabbage are not large, weighing about 1 kg.

• Nika. Disease resistant variety, can be planted directly into the soil, or under cover. Forms dense heads of cabbage weighing up to 3 kg. Suitable for fresh food (in salads and main courses).

• Massanyanka. The earliest variety - will ripen within 35 days after planting. The variety is resistant to diseases, does not require complex care, and the heads of cabbage do not crack. The structure of the head is dense, the leaves are juicy.

The main postulates of obtaining high yields of cabbage

The best predecessors in the beds where they plan to plant cabbage will be legumes, cereals, pumpkin, onions, cucumbers. To reduce the spread of cruciferous diseases, it is worth replanting cabbage in the same place no earlier than 3-4 years later.

Here are some useful tips to help novice summer residents get a decent return on their energy spent on harvesting.

Cabbage should be planted in well-lit areas. In the shade, cabbage leaves do not reach the desired size, which is why the forks are small and not dense. Cabbage is especially demanding for lighting at the stage of laying the head.

When growing cabbage outdoors, you need to pay great attention to the quality of the soil. Before planting seedlings, the land must be thoroughly dug up and fertilized (for example, with manure, or compost).

Even before planting in a permanent place, cabbage seedlings need to be fed 3 times. The first time - when the second sheet appears. To do this, take ammonium nitrate with superphosphate (20 g) and potassium salt (15 g) and dilute in a bucket of water. The next feeding is carried out after 2 weeks. This time, mullein infusion is used as fertilizer (in a ratio of 1:20). The last time the seedlings are fed 5 days before planting in the ground. To do this, take again the infusion of mullein (in the same ratio as in the second feeding), adding 20 g of superphosphate with potassium salt per 1 bucket of the mixture.

Seedlings are planted in the ridges when the fifth leaf appears. The well, prepared for seedlings, is thoroughly shed with water, the seedlings are placed in the ground up to the first leaf, while not closing the growing point. The soil around the planting is well compacted. 10 days after planting in the ground, the cabbage is fed again. To do this, take 20 g of ammonium nitrate per watering can, you can also add organic matter.

As a rule, planting of seedlings is carried out when it reaches 45-55 days old, in the second half of April. It is better to plant seedlings less often, then each plant will receive enough nutrition and moisture. Weeding should be done regularly.

Cabbage varieties: conclusion

Summing up, it is worth noting once again that when choosing the right variety, you should think about what purposes the harvest will be intended for, and also understand what kind of cabbage you yourself and your family members love.

So, the most delicious, early varieties of white cabbage: June, Kazachok, but they are not the most productive.

For use in soups and main courses, as well as for sourdough, late varieties are more suitable: Moscow, Gingerbread Man or Gift. At the same time, they are also high-yielding - up to 16 kg of cabbage per square meter.

Do not forget to plant red cabbage and Chinese cabbage in your area. These representatives of the cruciferous family are quite versatile in use, and also have an attractive appearance and will be a real highlight of your beds.