Plum Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited

Plum Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited - one of the varieties of domestic plum, distributed mainly in the gardens of the Central Black Earth regions of the country. This article will focus on the main characteristics of this variety, its strengths and weaknesses.

Origin of the variety

The Voronezh region is the birthplace of the Rossosh Krupnoplodnaya plum variety: in the 80s of the 20th century, the employees of the zonal experimental gardening station located in the city of Rossosh crossed two time-tested varieties. The parents of "Rossoshanskaya Krupnoplodnaya" are the old English variety "Early Blue" and the hybrid variety of domestic origin "Peach Michurina". The merit of breeding a new hybrid variety belongs to the breeder A.Ya. Voronchikhina. Since 1986, Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited plum has been undergoing state varietal tests on the territory of chernozem regions. The main regions of its distribution today are the Voronezh and Belgorod regions.

Plum Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited: variety description

The trees of the Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited plum variety are classified as low-growing - the height of an adult plant at the age of 15 barely reaches 3 m. The wide-growing crown, as a rule, does not differ in density and high degree of foliage, has a stag-like shape.

The trunk of the tree is covered with smooth gray-brown bark, which is covered with deep longitudinal cracks. At the same time, a random arrangement of wood fibers, called curliness, is not characteristic of the trunk. On the shoots, there is a large number of densely spaced depressed lentils. The shoots of the Rossoshanskaya large-fruited plum are straight or arched, with long internodes. As they grow older, they change color: at first exposure to the sun promotes their coloring to a brown-crimson color, and shading leads to a light green color with brown spots. At an older age, the shoots turn brown and are covered with a short, but dense edge.

Vegetative buds are characterized by a conical shape and a pointed tip, they are most often large (from 4 to 5 mm) and closely pressed against the shoots. Generative buds are characterized by more modest sizes (no more than 3 mm) and the same conical shape with a sharp tip, but unlike vegetative buds, they are noticeably bent from the surface of the shoots.

The foliage on the Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited plum trees has a regular rounded shape, the length of the leaf plate is about 10 cm, the width is about 9 cm. The leaves are often curved in a spiral along the central vein, or may be slightly convex. Their wrinkled surface in the upper part is colored green and is distinguished by a glossy smoothness, while the lower part is light green in color and not too densely edged. The edges of the leaf plates are usually serrated and elastic. The leaves are attached on long stalks (2-2.5 cm) of light green or maroon color. Stipules are not found in this variety.

During the flowering period, the branches of the Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited plum are covered with inflorescences consisting of 1-2 small flowers (2-2.5 cm in diameter) of a flat, broadly bell-shaped or cupped shape. Ovate petals are usually not connected to each other. The length of the pistil (1.5 cm) is slightly longer than the length of the stamens (about 1.1 cm).The slightly pubescent peduncle is about 2.5 cm long; the length of the light green calyx tube is 4 mm. Concave sepals of oval or lanceolate shape have the same length. The ovary of the flower has no pubescence.

Plum Rossoshanskaya large-fruited: photo of the variety

The fruits of the Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited plum, as a rule, have an oval or oval-rounded shape and are somewhat flattened on the sides. Their height and width are approximately the same and are about 4 cm, the average weight is 36 g. Both the top of the fruit and a slightly flattened base have a round shape. The funnel, as a rule, is narrow and shallow, and the longitudinal seam is wide enough, but not deep. Despite its severity, the fruits do not crack.

The peel of the plum variety Rossoshanskaya large-fruited has a light green-yellow basic color. The color of the cover color varies depending on the location of the fruits: when exposed to the sun, they turn dark purple, in the shade they turn red-purple or brown-red. The cover color occupies about half of the surface of the fruit. The edge on the fruit of "Rossoshanskaya Krupnoplodnaya" is absent, instead there is a waxy bloom of a blue hue.

The pulp is yellow in color, it is of medium density and is saturated with a large amount of juice. Its pleasant sweet taste with sour notes received a rather high tasting rating - 4.5. The chemical composition of the fruit pulp of "Rossoshanskaya Krupnoplodnaya" includes sugar (9%), acids (1.3%), pectins (0.7%), vitamin C (11 mg per 100 g).

The stalk of the Rossoshanskaya plum Large-fruited, as a rule, is elongated and can reach 2.5 cm in length, but at the same time it is very thin, not thicker than 1.5 mm. The average weight of a large stone is about 1.8 g - about 5% of the total weight of the fetus. As a rule, it has a flattened oval shape with a slightly wide top and a slightly elongated base. The length of the bone is from 2.5 to 2.7 cm, the width is from 2 to 2.5 cm. The dorsal suture, open along the entire length, differs in width, while the abdominal suture is characterized by modest dimensions. For the lateral ribs of the bone, the severity is characteristic, they noticeably protrude above the pitted-tuberous surface. The bone is located in a large cavity from which it can be easily removed.

Plum Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited: features of the variety

Plum Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited is classified as a self-infertile variety, therefore it needs the presence of nearby pollinating plants. Such varieties of plums as "Renklod Sovetskiy", "Nagrada Nemanskaya", "Voskhod" can act as such. The flowering of "Rossoshanskaya Krupnoplodnaya" is defined as average in terms of timing.

The first fruiting of trees of the Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited plum variety falls on the 4-5 season after grafting on plum seedlings. This variety is distinguished by its exceptional early maturity. In the first 4 seasons, the average yield is about 22 kg of fruits per tree, gradually these figures increase to 63 kg for trees at the age of 6 years. The given results significantly exceed the indices of the control type of plums "Record". Due to the tendency of the Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited plum to be overloaded with crops, the trees sometimes move to periodic fruiting. Fruit ripening in the southern regions of the Central Black Earth Region occurs in mid-August.

Plum Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited is considered universal: it can be eaten fresh, and can serve as raw materials for the manufacture of compotes, conservation. Compote made from this variety of plums received a high rating (4.5) due to their taste and ability to keep their shape. Prunes made from Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited plums were also highly rated (4.8).

Plum Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited: reviews about the variety

Judging by the gardeners' reviews, in addition to the high commercial qualities of the plum, Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited has other advantages.For the Central Black Earth regions, it demonstrates high resistance to winter frosts. The variety passed the test of severe cold in the mid 70s of the 20th century, when the air temperature dropped to -34 degrees. At the same time, the trees showed a low degree of freezing, which cannot be said about flower buds: when the thermometer dropped to -32.2 degrees, 95% of the buds were frozen. However, this indicator is also lower than that of the control variety "Record" (98%).

Another advantage of the Rossoshanskaya Krupnoplodnaya plum variety is its immunity to monilial burns and perforated spotting (clasternosporia), which poses a serious threat to fruit crops.

A significant disadvantage of the Rossoshanskaya Krupnoplodnaya plum variety is its vulnerability to another fungal disease common among horticultural crops - polyistigmosis, also called red spot. In the years of mass infection of trees (epiphytoty), the indicator of damage to trees of the Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited plum variety is 5 points. Infected plants lose all foliage, fruits develop on them slowly and can crumble. The following winter, trees that are sick with red spot are more likely to be injured by frost. For this reason, the complex of measures for the care of the Rossoshanskaya Large-fruited plum must necessarily include the prevention of red spotting of the plum.

Conclusion

Plum variety Rossoshanskaya Krupnoplodnaya is a successful combination of such qualities as high yield, resistance to winter frosts and some fungal diseases, as well as high commercial quality of fruits. The versatility of this variety makes it popular among gardeners of the Central Black Earth region of the country.