Diy grape trellis - instructions for making
Content:
Grapes are considered a fairly popular horticultural crop and are grown everywhere in the national middle belt and southern regions. The cultivation of this plant is associated not only with the purpose of eating it: the popularity of this culture as an element of garden decor is growing. With its help, you can plant greenery in a garden area, decorate arches, pergolas, the walls of buildings, create a green curtain that protects against sunlight, wind, street noise and dust. Successful growth and development of grapes is determined by favorable growing conditions. One of the ways to improve these conditions is the grape trellis, which is the support for the vines.
Appointment of trellises
A trellis is a pair of stakes or posts, fastened together with wire, twine or rope in several levels. The grape vine clings to these horizontal mountings with the help of tendrils.
The presence of a support has a beneficial effect on the development of grapes, allows it to climb quite high, evenly spreading over the trellis and getting enough sunlight over the entire area of \ u200b \ u200bthe covering.
Tapestries not only serve as supports for climbing crops, but also act as decorative elements that create vertical accents in the garden, hide outbuildings and blank stone walls, shade secret corners and recreation areas. All this allows you to create an effective design of the garden landscape and give it a well-groomed look.
Varieties of trellis for grapes
Single-plane trellis
The simplest type of support structures that does not require physical effort and financial investment is vertical, also called single-plane. Their use is recommended for growing young lianas and compact grape varieties, as well as ornamental varieties of this culture.
In addition to simplicity and ease of assembly, this design has a number of other positive qualities:
- the construction of a vertical trellis is a fairly budgetary way to create a support for grapes;
- being distributed over the support, the grapes bear fruit more evenly, the berries ripen at about the same time and receive more sunlight;
- vertical placement of grapes allows you to grow other crops on the same beds, thereby saving space on the garden plot;
- vines placed vertically receive a sufficient amount of air, which circulates freely in thickets distributed over the entire area of the trellis.
The name of this design speaks for itself: a single-plane trellis consists of two support posts or stakes connected by several rows of rope, twine or wire. Despite its simplicity of design, it is able to provide support for powerful grape vines with their strongly growing shoots. The vertical trellis will be a good choice for those gardeners who are primarily interested in creating a green hedge, in growing compact grape varieties, and not in obtaining a bountiful harvest from bulky plants.
Caring for grapes placed on a vertical trellis is accessible and simple, which is important for novice gardeners.Its compact size is a real salvation for owners of small plots who have to save every square meter of beds.
Another advantage of the single-plane trellis is the speed with which it can be dismantled in order to shelter the grapes during the winter cold. The storage of the vertical support does not require a lot of space. At the start of a new season, it is just as easy to reinstall on site.
Two-plane
Experienced gardeners and owners of larger areas often prefer two-plane trellis. Such structures are especially popular in the southern regions, where grapes can winter without shelter, and the supports do not need to be disassembled and stored until the new season.
Their construction takes more time, effort and financial resources, however, they are all offset by the merits of this design.
These include:
- the ability to more constructively place grape vines, thereby providing them with the best conditions for development;
- climbing plants placed on two-plane trellis receive full sunlight and heat, which has a positive effect on the yield;
- the design features allow to optimize the air permeability of the grape thickets, which also has a beneficial effect on the fruiting process.
The two-plane support structure consists of two vertical supports placed on the beds. The construction of this structure excludes the possibility of placing other crops on the territory of the vineyard, since such supports occupy a large area.
There are several options for two-plane tapestries:
- direct placement method involves the construction of planes parallel to each other;
- with the V-shaped method, the reference planes are set at an angle, forming an angle with the ground;
- choosing the Y-shaped method, you need to provide the upper part of the support pillar with side strips diverging at an angle of 45-60 degrees.
Do-it-yourself tapestry. ANDtrellis manufacturing instructions
The trellis manufacturing process requires some preparation and the search for materials suitable for these purposes.
Mainly, we are talking about support posts or stakes and crossbeams and fixings. Wooden stakes or poles, metal rods or pipes are suitable as supports. It is recommended to give preference to metal elements, due to their durability. Wooden structures wear out faster, break down, and undergo a decay process.
The optimal diameter of the supports is from 3 to 6 cm. In the case of the construction of a wooden trellis, it is recommended to choose a hard tree - for example, oak or ash, chestnut is also suitable. The pillars must be pretreated by removing the bark and covering the base with a layer of resin or diesel fuel.
The choice of the shape of the support posts can be anything, but most vineyard owners prefer to use square supports, since in this case metal corners can be used.
The optimal length of the supports should be about 250 cm, based on the need to deepen them by 60-70 cm. Most often, copper or aluminum wire serves as a crossbar. Rope is not durable and iron tends to rust.
The recommended wire size is 2 to 4 mm. Gardeners who have been growing grapes on trellises for several years recommend using only copper wire. This is explained by the beneficial substances that copper secretes - they will have a protective effect on the vines during their cultivation.
How to make a trellis - manufacturing technology
The trellis manufacturing technology does not depend on its variety and includes the following steps:
Preparation of supports
Each post is equipped with crossbeams, for which reinforcement rods or thin iron tubes are suitable.They can be fixed by welding, or by drilling holes for fasteners. The best adhesion of the supports to the ground will be the use of metal thrust bearings located at the bottom of the posts. The wire is fixed using the holes in the supports - the diameter should be about 5 mm. Hooks welded to the supports will make the structure more durable and prevent wear and deformation of the wire.
Preparation of grooves
To install the support pillars, it is necessary to dig funnel-shaped depressions to the ground. The pits are 0.8 m deep and 0.6 m wide. The bottom of the hole should be covered with a layer of sand 0.2 m thick.The interval between the first two depressions should be about 0.4 m, between the rest - 0.5 m.
Installation of supports
The pillars are placed in recesses and covered with pebbles or fragments of bricks; later, the junction of the supports with the ground should be cemented. In the case of using wooden supports, it is recommended to impregnate their base with a solution of copper sulfate (3-5%). The soaking period is 10 days. This will keep them from rotting where they come into contact with the soil.
Fastening the wire
2-3 days after fixing the pillars with cement mortar, you can start pulling the wire. The fixing scheme assumes movement from the upper level to the lower one. The distance between the upper wire and the lower clamping bar is 5 cm, the distance between the lower wire and the ground is 0.5 m. As a rule, 3-4 rows of wire are enough.
How to tie grapes to a trellis correctly
A one-year-old grape seedling does not need a trellis - an ordinary peg to which a young plant is tied is enough. More solid supports can be built starting from 2-3 seasons.
The optimal time for tying is considered the beginning of spring, before the buds begin to bloom. Before proceeding with the actual tying procedure,
it is necessary to carry out sanitary pruning and remove old branches and dry or affected shoots from the bush. Next, you should bend the vines to the wire with great care and fix their lateral processes. This procedure is called dry garter.
In the summer, it is the turn of the green garter: young shoots that have grown up to 30 cm must be fixed on the trellis. This is done in order to protect them from gusts of wind. Placing grapes on a trellis is an effective way to improve growing conditions and thereby increase their yield. In addition, this method allows you to form hedges and plant trees in the garden area, while significantly saving its area.
Trellis for grapes - video
Trellis for grapes - photo
