Cow dung and other types of organic fertilizers: complete information

The article describes cow dung: a comprehensive guide to mullein and other types of organic fertilizers. An extensive description, composition, varieties, scheme of action, methods of application are given.

Cow dung (mullein) as top dressing: established norms and methods of application

Cow dung (mullein) as top dressing: established norms and methods of application

Mullein as a top dressing is very popular, and is widely used as a natural fertilizer in country, suburban and household plots. Mullein may differ in appearance and in the set of components, which means that the use of manure must be measured in portions, with knowledge of the genetic specifics of cultivated herbaceous representatives and the description of the soil.

What is the beneficial effect of mullein for representatives of grassy crops as a top dressing
On the territory of the personal plot and in the gardens, the mullein has gained great popularity for a reason.
This type of organic fertilizer is distinguished by the high availability of basic nutrients, which are most important for the normal growth and development of a representative of herbaceous crops.

Mullein significantly improves the condition of the soil, not bypassing the structure, the possibility of oxygen and moisture penetration into the soil. The most important components of organic fertilization are:

- "nitrogen".
- "potassium".
- "calcium".
- "sulfur".
- "phosphorus".
- "magnesium".

Additionally, it can be noted that mullein contains a high content of useful microelements and microflora.

Cow dung: methods and specifics of change

Cow dung: methods and specifics of change

Correctly changing the waste of life of creatures living on farms involves a couple of stages:

- receiving with the help of a machine and special preparations, for example, with a pump.
- correct content with the importance of producing the application at a slightly late time.
- disposal.

The production of the content is usually carried out by loosening and compaction methods, this helps to maintain the temperature in the laid manure, which provides the recommended conditions for natural decay. The resulting semi-rotten mullein is then well tamped, this stimulates a decrease in nitrogen loss, and then it is sprinkled with a layer of peat crumbs. After about sixty to one hundred and twenty days, a good fertilizer is formed from the mullein, which is considered more practical in the use of top dressing with excellent quality.

Cow dung, or unripe mullein, is quite deservedly ranked among the group of widely known and effective potash and nitrogen fertilizers that stimulate an increase in the amount of humus in the soil.

For a normal bacteria removal procedure, it is imperative that the composting or fermentation procedure is carried out correctly.

Fairly good moisture indicators and a dense structure stimulate accelerated decay, however, in recent months, the method of changing organic matter with the help of bacteria is usually used.

With these intentions, ready-made bacterial mixtures are added to the fresh mullein, which accelerate, almost instantly, and it is good to process the mullein into compounds, they do not harm the representatives of herbaceous crops and are perfectly adapted for simple assimilation.

Cow dung: a description of the varieties

Cow dung: a description of the varieties

The cattle mullein is described as manure with a high water content, heats up a little worse and is distinguished by a slight weightiness.

The effect of this fertilizer, which occurred thanks to cattle, on the growing properties of vegetables is rather slow, but the smoothest and most prolonged.

This fertilizer is extremely effective when applied to the soil, representatives of herbaceous crops cultivated in arid and warm, rather well loosened, not heavy in terms of the constituent soils.

An excellent effect is provided by fertilization with cow dung of plants with a high level of resistance to frost, as well as cabbage crops. On the territory of our country, the use of many varieties of mullein is used at once.

How to use mullein fertilizer. There are a couple of established norms and criteria that allow you to correctly use the mullein in the form of top dressing at a summer cottage and have a huge and positive result from using the mullein in the realities of summer cottage, backyard, suburban work:

- fresh manure must not be placed in the soil before sowing or planting seedlings, which is explained by the risk of destruction of the root system and death of seedlings as a result of abundant chemical procedures.
- it is recommended to apply cow manure to the soil on the beds in the autumn season, immediately after the harvest and at the time of deep digging, this implies the rapid processing of organic matter.
- an ordinary portion for the introduction of organic matter reaches about two to five kilograms per square meter of the entire territory of the site.
- it is possible to place it in the ground once every twenty-four to thirty-six months, this reduces the risk of loss and loss of the territory of the site, and also to maintain the amount of the crop brought, of all representatives of fruiting herbaceous, without reducing the level of fertility.
- rotted mullein, humus or manure is quite widely used in digging in the autumn season and in the spring season, in the form of a layer of mulch on flower beds and beds, as well as at the trunk of fruiting berry and fruit bushes.

It is recommended to use mullein or other organic fertilizers that decompose for more than two years on the territory of summer cottages, backyards and suburban areas.

This top dressing in appearance is extremely similar to a loose, dark colored, homogeneous mixture that has the usual smell of soil.

On this type of fertilizer, it is possible to cultivate seedlings of representatives of herbaceous crops, apply in the form of a mulch layer immediately after spraying, use as a natural nutrient replacement for planting holes for planting tomatoes, cabbage crops, eggplants, pumpkins, zucchini and watermelon. The usual portion of the introduction, depending on the criteria of soil fertility, may change in the size of eight to ten kilograms per square meter of territory.

Top dressing with cow dung in dry form

Dry mullein perfectly maintains all the beneficial qualities of fresh organic fertilizer, but the difference is much easier to use.
When using dry cow dung, it is necessary to remember a couple of specifics of this highly effective organic matter:

- dry mullein can harm the growth and development of vegetable crops, since it is not necessary to introduce mullein at the time of the autumn digging of these beds.
- in the summer season, dry mullein is quite popular due to the possibility of making a layer of mulch on top of the soil in the beds and flower beds. This mulch layer perfectly maintains the moisture level and prevents the soil from overheating, and also noticeably reduces the abundant growth of weeds and is considered an additional source of nutrition.

In India, dry mullein is already used to being called a rather necessary remedy, and gavi (mullein is so called in India) is very often used in the manufacture of odors for indoor aromatherapy. The product is environmentally friendly, it is obtained and purified, and then dried in the fresh air under the sun's rays and pressed with a vacuum.

The advantages of using mullein are simple and straightforward. Mullein is a natural top dressing, perfectly assimilated by various representatives of herbaceous crops, it mixes without complications with other nutrients, appears as a natural soil cover, and is very effective.

How to use cow dung correctly as fertilizer

Mullein is considered a widely used, natural, harmless organic food. The fame of the mullein is due to its ease of acquisition and a lot of functionality of this fertilizer, it is worth being able to use it correctly in a summer cottage or suburban area.
The introduction of mullein into the soil stimulates the formation of a fertile layer. When compared with the use of mineral fertilizing, the use of organic fertilizing leads to the storage of useful elements by the soil.

Timely fertilization of mullein positively contributes to the growth and harvest of representatives of herbaceous crops. Still enriched soil increases the possibility of aeration, this has a positive effect on the development of the root system of the herbaceous representative.
The action from application to the ground can last for four to six years.

The added mullein can enrich the soil with useful microelements for four to six years.
A thousand grams of cow dung has the following biological composition:

- three point five tenths of a gram of nitrogen.
- two point nine-tenths of a gram of calcium oxide.
- three grams of phosphorus oxide.
- one point four tenths of a gram of potassium oxide.

Indicators of useful chemical elements change due to age and the substances used.

Almost all summer cottages, namely vegetables, berry fruit-bearing shrubs, and so on, respond positively to fertilization using mullein. But all representatives of herbaceous crops have their own preferences for the method of feeding.

Almost all herbaceous crops respond positively to manure.

Therefore, it is used:
- fresh.
- dry.
- liquid.
- granular.

Fresh mullein is not recommended.
This is due to the large amount of ammonia contained, which negatively affects the root system of the herbaceous representative.

At the heart of a fresh fertilizer, a solution is made, the components of which are water and manure, in the required plant rates.
Still fresh mullein is introduced into the soil in the autumn season, during the preparation of the summer cottage, backyard, suburban area for the winter season.
Fresh mullein is used as a solution.

In the spring season, special beds are made with a fresh mullein.
The bed has a height of about one hundred centimeters, it can form internal heating up to a temperature of fifty-five degrees.

This ability affects the accelerated rooting and positive development of the plant when cold weather appears.

Dry nutrient medium for microorganisms

The state of feeding lasts up to one and a half to two years of maintenance. The rotten fertilizer is free-flowing, without moisture and aroma. This is the easiest method to use mullein.
The popularity of the method lies in the ability to plant a representative of herbaceous crops in the soil immediately after applying top dressing. Also, due to the structure of the fertilizer, its costs are greatly reduced.

Dry manure has no water. If, during the procedure with humus, the presence of water is noticed, then this means that the feeding has not reached the desired form of maturity.

Dry manure

Liquid manure is prepared from fresh excrement and liquid. The method can get rid of excessive ammonia, as well as the eggs of insect pests that make up the fertilizer.
Fertilization is made by basal moistening of a mixed infusion of cow dung. A not yet strong solution is used in spraying weak representatives of herbaceous crops.

Granular substrate

Granular fertilizer is a material that undergoes natural change and compaction. Due to its structure, it can feed the soil at a moderate rate throughout the season.
When touched with liquid, it rises and then nourishes the soil with the resulting water, stimulating the long-term maintenance of moisture levels in especially hot seasons. It is used as a fertilizer during the spring planting of a representative of a herbaceous culture, and also in the form of an applied top dressing for autumn digging.

Fresh fertilizer is not suitable for soil application. The decay of the elements of excrement takes place along with a variety of chemical processes that negatively affect their root system. Eggs of insect pests contained in the fertilizer also have serious harm to the human body.

If the fertilizer has a layer of snow-white bloom, then it contains fungal spores. The correct content of top dressing with the task of making humus after some time removes this complexity. But for the manufacture of special beds, similar material will no longer help.

A snow-white bloom on the fertilizer signals the presence of fungal spores.

Some of the representatives of herbaceous crops negatively affect such fertilization.
Such representatives of herbaceous crops include carrots, beets, radishes, celery and parsley. It is useful to plant these vegetable and green crops in soil that has been fertilized with manure twelve or twenty-four months ago.

Taking into account the possibility of a simple purchase of fertilizer, it is not difficult to make top dressing with your own hands.

Organic fertilizers

To get good humus, you need to prepare a container or planting hole for the correct manure content. The only caveat is maintaining shelter from rain and direct sunlight.
The container must be covered with roofing felt or other waterproof material. To get humus as soon as possible, digging the soil is carried out a couple of times every three months.

The maturation time of humus lasts eighteen to twenty four months.

Liquid cow dung

An accelerated and efficient preparation method is fresh manure infusion. It is prepared by placing the dressing in a liquid, at a concentration of one to one.

The prepared solution is kept in a tightly closed container, it is recommended in a shaded place. To enhance the fermentation effect, the preparation can be constantly stirred. Fermentation stimulates the reduction of the available ammonia, getting rid of pests and fungal spores. Top dressing is ready for use seven days after production.

The prepared drug is directly placed in the ground, you need to add liquid in proportions one to one.

In the realities of the increased demand of buyers for a natural harmless drug, manufacturers do not resort to the use of mineral dressings, preferring organic ones.

The use of mullein in the manufacture of garden and farm crops is considered an effective and harmless way of obtaining an excellent harvest.

Organic fertilizers: application of rotted manure, application of fresh manure, application to the soil, varieties and its components

Manure is a natural supplement, the most popular and used throughout the entire planet Earth, it has been used since the beginning of the existence of agriculture.

This type of organic matter is considered a natural enrichment of such macronutrients as phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, as well as many microelements, for example, magnesia, chlorine, lime, silicon and sulfur, which are so needed by a representative of herbaceous crops.

Opponents of mineral fertilizers usually write that manure is no longer modern top dressing, the manure does not have a super effect, the components are not ideally compatible, it is rather difficult to apply it, and has a disgusting smell.

Of course, the above disadvantages when using manure really exist. However, at the same moment, manure has such an advantage that mineral fertilizing does not and never will.

With the help of the components of manure, a fertile layer is formed, it becomes extremely poorer when using mineral fertilizing.

After some time, manure turns into humus, forming the first humus horizon, without its regular replenishment, the most abundantly flowering area loses all its beauty.

What methods are used to change organic fertilizer (manure)

For use on the site, gardeners are most often advised to use perfectly rotted manure containing the least amount of ammonia, and it does not injure the root system of the herbaceous. Also, its components are not negatively influencing microorganisms, they die at the time of decay.

At the moment, a large number of ways are known to help accelerate the change in the structure of new organic matter and increase its consumer performance.

For example, the processing of manure into top dressing can be done by the following methods, available to every summer resident, and not requiring special tools:

Waste disposal

It is impossible to have compost by putting manure in a large pile and waiting for the manure to grind, because the result is normal humus.
This method is most often carried out exclusively for the maintenance of manure.

And compost is a top dressing that has a large amount of nutrients, because its constituents are a large number of components.
To make a compost pit according to all standards, an old substrate must be put on its bottom, which provides the pile with the required number of bacteria that ferment organic matter.
The distant layers are made from a variety of organic waste, for example, tops, skins of vegetable and fruit crops, grass, which are covered with manure.These layers are erected until they are one hundred to one hundred and fifty centimeters high. Then the pit is moistened with a liquid, and not touched for reheating. Processed manure can be used as a top dressing after a couple of months.

However, the recommended time for organic compost to mature is a year.

Recycling of organic waste

In recent months, organic green work has gained prominence, which uses methods of natural replenishment of nutrients in the soil, without the use of chemicals and mineral fertilizing.

Recycling organic waste with the help of worms, or vermicomposting, implies obtaining a useful top dressing and a stable, independently renewing food resource for the soil, because together with this substrate, worms are placed in the ground, where the worms multiply and live further, changing the land around them.

In the climate of the middle zone, for the processing of organic waste with the help of worms, gardeners are advised to select a hybrid of Kuban worms and red Californian worms.
Before processing manure in top dressing with worms, the substrate must be acidified with slaked lime, bone meal and ash to a level of 7.5-8 pH units, because in normal soil the worms cannot continue their vital activity.

Rapid decomposition of organic matter using humic substances

These natural biological additives are used to quickly decompose organic matter using humic substances during composting.

They make the use of manure quite inexpensive, because after using it with biologically active agents, the rate of adding this natural dressing can be reduced three times, while maintaining the previous action.
The cost of manure in this situation is also reduced due to the reduction in the size of its application.

Humic substances are used to ferment organic substances in this way: sixty to ninety days before placing it in the ground (most often at the beginning of the spring season, after the warm temperature becomes stable), a manure heap is watered with a solution of humic substances, placing about ten grams of biological stimulants for ten kilograms of manure. After the completion of the process, the pit is thoroughly interfered with, for a faster processing procedure.

Upholding

This is the fastest way to process manure, which allows you to eliminate the excessive amount of ammonia present in the composition of uric acid, and to destroy the negatively influencing microflora, for example, eggs and nematode worms.

It is extremely easy to use it: mullein or any other animal manure is placed in liquid one to one, and defended for seven days. The prepared working preparation is added to the liquid again, in a concentration of one to ten, and the herbaceous representative is moistened with the prepared preparation in the evening.
It is forbidden to pour the manure infusion under the trunk, which means it is poured into the prepared rows between the grassy ones.

How to use fresh cow dung

Fresh manure can be used for feeding, regardless of the difficulty of absorbing nutrients from its constituents by herbaceous ones. However, sometimes the result is worth it, due to the lack of opportunities to wait for the compost to mature.

Fresh manure is used in situations in which there is not enough time, but there are many organic substances of animal formation. With this option, they act by the following method:

- In the summer season, liquid fertilizer is made from manure. To obtain it, manure is placed in a liquid at room temperature at a concentration of one to four and the mixture is made to moisten the grassy one on the sides of the trunk in the evening. One and a half liters of the drug are spent on one square meter.

- In the autumn season, it is used for digging up soil. The norm for placing manure is one ten-liter container per one square meter, and the deepening should be no more than thirty to forty centimeters.

- In the winter season, advance fertilizing of the soil with manure is carried out, spreading the manure over the territory through the snow. The rate of consumption is about one and a half containers per square meter, because with prolonged contact with oxygen (with this option, the manure will be located on the upper layer of the soil), it loses a greater amount of nitrogen, and because of this, this natural feeding with this method of placement needs more.

- In the spring season, they are used as biofuel, in the manufacture of special beds for vegetable crops. It is recommended to take mutton manure, because it has a temperature heating inside the pit of at least sixty to seventy degrees, and mullein and other animal fertilizers are fifteen to twenty degrees less. When applying manure in fresh for seasonal fertilizers of herbaceous crops, it is necessary to follow clause 4.4 of GOST 26074-84, maintain a special time interval until the harvest is obtained, in a bad version, worms and other negatively influencing microorganisms may move on whole products.

The use of organic fertilizers: types of dressings

Cow dung (mullein)

This type of organic is widely known. Mullein is fed to all herbaceous varieties in all territories.
However, it must be used wisely, otherwise it is possible to spoil the finished products with nitrates contained in it in a huge amount.

The constituents of this substrate are presented below (per kilogram of weight):
- three and a half grams of total nitrogen.
- two and nine grams of oxide (calcium).
- three grams of oxide (phosphorus).
- one and four grams of oxide (potassium).

When choosing the proportions of fertilizers, it is worth taking into account that the chemical composition, which is able to change, directly depends on the age and sex of the livestock.

For example, in the feces of adult cattle, nutrients are fifteen percent higher than in young cattle. It is advised to place this substrate in the amount of seven thousand to ten thousand grams per square meter, depending on the level of soil fertility.

Fresh mullein liquid manure contains a large number of worm eggs, for example, strongylates, trichocephalics and moniesias, because it is recommended to use individual shelter preparations upon contact with it. Composting or fermenting the mullein is an excellent way to remove these negative insects.

The temperature index of the mullein at a depth of one hundred centimeters reaches about thirty-one to thirty-four degrees, and at a depth of more than two hundred centimeters - forty-forty-six degrees. At the bottom, about twenty-three to twenty-eight degrees.

This means that good special beds for vegetable crops will be piles of manure at least a hundred centimeters up, only this size can warm up the top layer well, giving a high temperature.

Mullein, not paying attention to its great popularity, is considered the most poorly nourished of all kinds of organic matter, because it contains a small number of nutrients.
At the same time, this ability is good, because of this, it reduces the likelihood of over-saturation of the crop, and of course, the likelihood of nitrate poisoning in whole foods.

Horse manure

This type of natural dressing is one of the favorites, and is used in a variety of land. Horse feces contain a huge number of nutrients when compared to cow dung.
Approximate chemical constituents per kilogram of weight:

- four and seven grams of total nitrogen.
- three and five grams of oxide (calcium).
- three and eight grams of oxide (phosphorus).
- two grams of oxide (potassium).

Horse feces in the form of dressings, is used in the preparation of soil for representatives of vegetables.
When fertilizing the soil with fertilizer, it is advised to place manure in the amount of five thousand grams per ten thousand square centimeters. This size is enough, because calcium and phosphorus, as well as nitrogen, are much larger in the fertilizer when compared to mullein.

If horse feces are used in a greenhouse as biofuel, the feces should be poured out with a layer of at least thirty centimeters, and thoroughly watered with boiling water with potassium permanganate to remove the negative aggregate of microorganisms and fungi. Fertile soil is placed on the top layer, at least twenty centimeters in diameter.

Pork manure

Pig slurry is also used as a supplement. They contain feces (hard and soft), food debris, some bedding, such as straw, hay and sawdust, and bristles.
Swine manure is very harsh. Indeed, there is a huge amount of nitrogen as ammonia in the composition, a large indicator of which is found in the urine of this cattle.

The chemical constituents of pig manure, immediately after collection, are presented below per kilogram of weight:
- eight and thirteen grams of total nitrogen.
- seven and seventy four grams of oxide (calcium).
- seven and nine grams of oxide (phosphorus).
- four and five grams of oxide (potassium).

Pork manure is not a completely liquid fertilizer, in which solid elements (as granules of three to five millimeters) are contained in one fourth of the total size, ate to compare with mullein or horse manure. Pig feces are extremely difficult to decompose into fractions, since they are usually transported in a closed container.

There is a huge number of pests in the excrement of pigs, which means that it is advisable to carry out them with compost immediately before use.

A large temperature index, which goes through the processing procedure together, destroys almost all kinds of parasites present in this organic dressing.

For the manufacture of fertilizer of excellent quality, it is recommended to use bedding dressing, and mix manure with dolomite flour in the proportion of one kilogram of top dressing per one kilogram of organic matter.
Experts drew attention to the unusual specifics of nitrogen, which is part of the constituents of this type of organic matter, seventy percent of it is available in a simply assimilable form, and has the ability to be stored in mineral soil.

The above is an excellent advantage of pork fertilizer, but also a significant disadvantage. This excessive amount of fertilizer is difficult to use. It is advised to dilute the manure perfectly, twice less, in contrast to cow manure, and settle more in compost.

Rabbit manure

This substrate differs from other types of organic parts in its structure and components, because it is much dryer than all other types of organic matter of animal origin, this greatly simplifies its transportation.

The advantages of rabbit manure include the fact that its composition does not contain weed seeds, which means that it can be used without an advance composting process. Of the negatively affecting microorganisms in the excrement of rabbits, only coccidia are present, which can only harm the life of rabbits.

To avoid this, on especially hot days, keeping manure near rabbits is strictly prohibited.

Rabbit feces are also used as waste products, placed in the soil for plowing or digging up, settled in compost, and fertilizing is made in liquid form.

However, there is one processing method that is prohibited for other varieties; a dry powder is made from rabbit manure, which is used in summer cottages and in apartments to fertilize indoor plants.
To use it, the pellets are dried in the sun and pounded in a mortar. Then it is mixed with soil, in proportions of one tablespoon to three liters of soil, and sprinkled into containers prepared for planting indoor plants.

Rabbit manure can be purchased in nurseries, summer cottages and in large specialized shops with a gardening theme.
The prepared manure is excellent due to the fact that it does not require disinfection following GOST 26074-84 (veterinary and sanitary standards for use, maintenance, transportation and processing), and the manure can be used after it has been re-heated and dried thoroughly.

The use of organic substances as a top dressing for summer cottages has always been popular, and in the last months, it greatly displaced mineral dressing down.

People are beginning to understand that improper use of soil contributes to their impoverishment, due to this accelerated depletion of the humus layer.
The use of organic matter of animal origin interferes with this procedure, and stimulates the replenishment of the fertile soil horizon.
This ability of organic fertilizing when selecting fertilizer for their site usually attracts the attention of summer residents to organic matter, because it replenishes the fertile soil level, which means that this fertilizing can be considered ideal.

How to use cow dung as a top dressing for flower beds and vegetable gardens

Mullein is the most important and widespread form of natural feeding. It is made in the process of processing parts of feed in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle.

Fresh faeces contain most of the essential nutrients that support the growth, development and fruit production of various herbaceous crops.
Cow dung, or mullein, contributes to the fertility of the topsoil, increases its biological, chemical and physical characteristics.

Cow dung: valuable knowledge about the mullein

Fresh mullein is both liquid and solid fertilizer, which includes a large number of eggs of worms and pathogenic microflora. When interacting with cow dung in liquid form, it is necessary to act carefully, use bandages, protective gloves and goggles.

We advise a method of extermination from negatively influencing insects - a composting procedure or settling a mullein.

As a biological fuel, mullein is not always used by gardeners and summer residents, because it makes a rather low temperature indicator of twenty-four to forty-five degrees. An effective effect can be achieved by making rows for representatives of vegetable crops in a height of about one hundred centimeters.
In the form of fertilizer and mulch, humus is used; lettuce, zucchini, cucumbers and cabbage respond well to it. It is excellent for the autumn season to place rotted manure under the premises for the next year of potatoes, tomatoes, radishes, beets, carrots and other representatives of herbaceous crops.

The constituents

This type of dressing is generous with microelements that protect representatives of herbaceous crops from a variety of diseases, helping to process nutrients that affect the processes of fertilization and crop formation.

Mullein contains many useful chemical components:

- nitrogen, contributing to the faster growth of representatives of herbaceous crops. They are very generous with litter manure containing rotted parts of hay and straw.
- phosphorus, necessary for representatives of herbaceous crops for the formation of the ovary of the crop.
- potassium, necessary for representatives of herbaceous crops for the productive use of liquid, increasing the movement of juices in them, the development of a strong root system. Potassium is very gentle to tomatoes at the beginning of the formation of flowers and the growth of the crop. Exclusively because of this, they respond so well to fertilization with liquid cow fertilizer during the growing season. Potassium contributes to the formation of a high level of resistance to drought, cold weather, diseases of the fungus and parasites in representatives of grass

th cultures.
- calcium, which neutralizes acids in organic matter, converting them into a form that does not cause negative consequences for representatives of herbaceous crops.
- magnesium, which participates in the formation of the growth energy of the organism of representatives of herbaceous crops, its productivity and fruit bearing.

Cow dung: varieties of mullein

It differs in the amount of moisture and in the stages of decay.
According to the amount of moisture, it differs into three types:
- moisture up to eighty percent, solid mullein (litter, consisting of sawdust, peat, straw, foliage, and more).
- moisture up to eighty - ninety percent, both solid and liquid mullein.
- moisture more than ninety percent, mullein in liquid form.

According to the stages of decay, there are:
- fresh straw with a natural color, decay is very poorly visible. Fresh litter is of very little importance.
- half-matured straw with a dark color with a brownish color changes into a loose, easily loosened top dressing. This variety is the most valuable, because the loss of nutrients reaches about twenty to thirty percent. Done after one hundred twenty - one hundred and fifty days of upkeep. We exclusively recommend using it in summer cottages, backyards and suburban areas.
- humus, soft, loose, easily crumbly top dressing. All its trace elements are well absorbed by representatives of herbaceous crops. Ready after two hundred forty - three hundred and sixty days of upkeep.

Use as top dressing

Helps to fertilize all varieties of herbaceous crops in summer cottages, backyards and suburban areas. He is generous with nitrogen, since most of the summer residents use it with some fear, worrying about adding an excessive amount of fruiting plants with nitrates. However, if applied correctly, these concerns are completely unfounded.

Cow dung: fresh use

Fresh mullein as a top dressing is not often used. It is generous with ammonia, which can harm the root system of herbaceous crops.

In the summer season, liquid fertilizing is prepared from it. This is an excellent fertilization option for most vegetable, flower, fruit-bearing and berry crops. It turns out fresh cow dung and is diluted in water at room temperature in different proportions for different herbaceous ones.

Cow dung: the use of rotted organic matter

Fresh excrement contains many different intestinal parasites and negatively affecting microorganisms that can damage the root system of the herbaceous plant. They are in a hurry to remove due to the formation of compost.
The basic elements of compost: fresh manure and manure. They contain: bird droppings, small straw, peat, weeds. And also the remaining parts of food, fallen leaves, parts of sawdust, various mineral mixtures. The moisture in the mixture should be seventy to seventy-five percent.
Compost is made in a hole or stored as a pile.

It must be tamped and watered in a timely manner, contributing to an increase in the internal temperature indicator to sixty-five degrees and more.
Strong heat production will remove most of the negatively influencing microflora and helminth eggs, and will also greatly reduce the likelihood of germination of weed planting material.

After some time, the biological mass disintegrates and turns into crushed and loose. As a top dressing, compost and manure with additives is as important as humus in its pure form. And in a mixture of peat and phosphoric flour, it is considered better than organic matter in its pure form in terms of the amount of nutrients.

Bovine humus is a dung, compost that decomposes in two years or more. In appearance, a homogeneous, dim, loose mixture with a soil smell.
It is an excellent natural food for various herbaceous crops.

Seedling material of vegetable crops is cultivated on it, it is used for mulching a vegetable garden after moistening, it is used as a filler for pits for tomatoes and zucchini, eggplants, cabbage, watermelons and pumpkin.
The rate for placing rotted cow manure is considered to be from seven to ten kilograms per square meter, depending on the level of soil fertility.

Cow dung: specificity of feeding

In the autumn season, it can be placed as a dry fertilizer immediately before digging up the soil before the winter season, enhancing the beneficial effect of this care procedure. It is possible to make a special tincture from it for spraying representatives of grassy crops (external fertilizer) and moisturizing under the trunk.

There is one peculiarity to keep in mind. Fresh cow dung undergoes abundant oxidation processes. Because of this, it is necessary to remember the ratio and rate of moisture fertilizer in liquid form for various herbaceous, in order to provide protection from burns to parts of the plant.

Overripe cow manure, or humus, can be used both in the autumn season (for digging) and in the spring season - as mulch for all kinds of garden crops, as well as berry, fruit-bearing shrubs and flowers that grow for several years. Summer residents with experience place humus in the ground immediately in the procedure for forming rows.

Dry humus is not tolerated by carrots and onions, which means that the mullein is not placed in the rows under them. It is possible to make a tincture from humus, which has the possibility of non-harmful spraying of all kinds of representatives of herbaceous crops.

How to breed cow dung: making infusion

A deep container is required for these tasks. It is necessary to purchase a small part of the manure and pour it into not five parts of the liquid.
The mixture should be thoroughly mixed and left to stand in a closed container for one to two weeks.
To avoid getting rid of the beneficial ammonia during fermentation, it is necessary to purchase a tight-fitting lid for the container.

After every three days, the solution must be stirred to obtain a homogeneous consistency. If cooked correctly, the fermentation process should begin. The signal will be small bubbles appearing on the surface.

After seven days, the solution should become more transparent, and solid and large parts go to the bottom.
The prepared mixture should be diluted one to one with a liquid immediately before use.
It is recommended to purchase five hundred grams of wood ash

and one hundred grams of superphosphate per ten liters of the diluted drug. A combined complex top dressing will be made, enriching the deficient potassium and phosphorus.

Content and specifics of the change

When kept in bulk without tamping (piles, bags), a lot of nutrients are lost, initially nitrogen. The quality of this top dressing is low. It can be increased by adding a small amount (about three percent) of phosphorite flour.
When kept in bulk with tamping (cool method), a hole is made on the cold part of the site, on a flattened area with a strong layer. The lower part is laid out with dried foliage, soil or peat, twenty-five to thirty centimeters thick.

Then layers of peat and manure (or dried soil) are formed with the necessary compaction. A heap is made up to a height of one hundred fifty - two hundred centimeters, and then covered with a thick film, turf or other materials.

This method is suitable for feeding during the winter season. It is important to regularly maintain the moisture level (not to expose it to dry out or waterlogging) and constantly remove weeds.

The mullein has a dignity, it is natural and is perfectly absorbed by the herbaceous, making top dressing super effective. It is easy and simple to use in various forms:

- in the form of a humus room in the autumn season before plowing.
- in the form of a liquid fertilizer from fresh cow fertilizer.
- in the form of mulch from rows of humus, holes in greenhouses, greenhouses and open soil.
- in the near-stem part of fruit-bearing bushes and trees.

Just mix with other healthy additives. It is a natural shelter from many negatively influencing microorganisms and fungal diseases.
It is very easy to buy, it has a low price, and having cattle is completely free. Special firms put it in special containers and bring it to summer cottages, suburban, backyard territories.

Cow dung as fertilizer: how to apply, how to make

Cow dung is a top dressing that has been used for at least a thousand years. Even today, it does not have an exact recipe and is at the center of conversations between non-lovers and opponents of feeding.
This fertilizer, regardless of modern technology, remains even today the basis of great productivity in the cultivation of herbaceous plants. However, mullein is not always used exclusively as a natural supplement.

On the territory of India, which has a long history, to this day, this material is also used in medical fields. It is a constituent of medicines used in Europe.
The connecting possibility allows its use in the preparation of adobe, or material for construction.

Natural feeding of cow dung (mullein)

Cow dung is one of the most affordable natural supplements. It costs much less than other chemicals. Herbaceous, fed with organic parts, have the best organoleptic data.

Mullein is an important food, it provides a good shelter for herbaceous plants from parasites and various diseases.

To truly understand its benefits as an accelerated natural aid for vegetable crops.
There is more nitrogen, calcium and potassium in mullein than in other faeces from livestock. It contains a large amount of phosphorus. Another mullein has up to twenty one percent of useful compounds.

A sufficient amount of liquid up to seventy-eight percent maintains the required level of moisture in the soil.
The content of important trace elements in cow dung is explained by the constituents of the feed used for cattle, and also by the type of bedding used.

Livestock feed

Organic matter significantly improves the quality of the soil structure, filling with humus, the first fertile layer.
When cow dung is applied, sandy loam and sandy soil begins to transform into coherent, because of this, moisture remains. Clay soils are transformed into loose ones.

Due to the use of mullein in these soils, their aeration increases, the availability of oxygen to the herbaceous root system improves.
When placing top dressings in various types of soil, it is worth remembering that the complete decomposition of organic matter directly depends on the structure of the soil. In sandy and sandy loam soil, the whole decomposition period lasts three to four years. In clay soil and loamy soil, manure decomposes up to seven years.

Cow dung: stages of mullein readiness and its application

The quality of natural dressings directly depends on the time of keeping, during which they waste nitrogen and decompose organic matter.
All fertilizers of this type include bedding such as sawdust, straw or peat.

In the presence of cattle, straw is usually used in the form of bedding material, thanks to which it is possible to understand the stage of readiness of the fertilizer for use.
According to the time of the content (decay stage), the compost is divided into varieties.

The first is a fresh and poorly decayed mullein, distinguished by the unchanged color of the straw that maintains power.

The second is a semi-over-matured organic part containing black straws with a low breaking density.

The third is rotted manure, the straw is dark in color and simply crumbles when rubbed.

The fourth is humus, which is a homogeneous fertilizer similar to black soil.

Of course, the amount of nitrogen in it will be greatly reduced, its use responds positively to an increase in soil fertility and the life of microorganisms.

Semi-ripe organic matter of black color

When placing natural dressings in the ground, it is worth remembering a couple of recommendations. We advise you to feed with manure when digging in the fall.
With this option, it is necessary to place semi-rotten cow manure, which until the spring season will be able to rotate to the end and the soil will be ready for planting grassy ones.

In areas with cold winter seasons and the late arrival of the spring season, fresh manure is placed in the late autumn season under a layer of snow before the onset of cold weather.
This keeps the soil from severe frosts and in the spring season, start planting seedlings slightly earlier. It is also possible to help young seedlings from the spring cold by using mulch between the beds with dry manure.

We do not recommend sprinkling fresh manure into already planted rows. It produces huge amounts of ammoniacal nitrogen, which gradually burns the herbaceous root system.

It also contains a huge number of negatively or neutrally influencing microorganisms that cause various diseases of planted plants.
Even in the litter, the content of weed seeds is possible, once in the ground, they occupy the entire territory.
Fresh manure is recommended to be kept, however, if there is a reason for the use of top dressing, then it is recommended to make a liquid solution from cow manure for moistening. With this option, water is poured into it in proportions of one to twenty.

Cow dung: making a liquid preparation

When placing manure in the ground, you need to dig the soil well. Usually, manure is placed at four kilograms per square meter.

It is also worth remembering the structure of the soil: for light soils, the digging depth is twenty to twenty-five centimeters, and for heavy soils, ten to fifteen centimeters. The use of combined fertilizers is possible.
When using mullein, phosphorus supplements are usually added, keeping in mind the small content.

Cow dung is used for spring digging, but it is recommended to acquire rotted manure, it can be placed before planting herbaceous ones. In the summer season, dry manure is used for mulch.
The quality increases the composition of any soil with humus - manure, which has passed all stages of chemical action. Its use has a positive effect on all kinds of herbaceous plants.

In addition to phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, it contains sulfur, zinc, copper and magnesium. Humus is suitable for all kinds of herbaceous plants. Regardless of the beneficial effects of organic fertilizing, it is important not to overdo it.
Overuse leads to high levels of nitrates in the crop. They think that the mullein should be placed in the ground no more than once every four years.

Cow dung: the subtleties of the correct manufacture of fertilizer

A solution of cow dung is used to moisten the soil, thereby improving the yield and taste of the crop. Fertilization is carried out during the formation of ovaries and in the process of fruit bearing. The dressing solution is made in a concentration of one fourth to one - mullein, four - liquid.
It is mixed in a special container and left to stand for at least a week.

Twice - three times a day, the drug must be mixed, for enrichment with air, and fermentation began, as a result of which uric acid is neutralized, because its excess negatively affects the root system of the herbaceous.

Preparation of cow dung for soil moistening

The fermented preparation increases the effect of the formation of microbiological processes in the soil, affecting the increase in the amount of the crop.
All kinds of microelements found in top dressing are assimilated by herbaceous only after complete processing by soil microorganisms. At the time of preparation of the drug, the container must be well closed.

Ten parts of the liquid are poured into the concentrate made by this method. For fertilization, apply five liters per square meter.

Due to the impossibility of keeping the prepared preparation (useful properties disappear), it is recommended to take into account the size in advance and make cow dung for one use. To remove the disgusting odor at the time of mixing and use, it is possible to add powder to the preparation.

Fermented product to increase the amount of the crop

To make high-quality top dressing, and not ordinary and neutral biological mass, manure is tamped into the holes in layers and covered with foliage or straws.
This method of harvesting after five months brings a semi-rotten top dressing with a huge amount of nitrogen.

When kept loose (without tamping), most of the organic nitrogen disappears.
Sometimes, when making manure, all layers are sprinkled with phosphorus flour to increase the content of this component in natural dressings. Superphosphate also prevents nitrogen from disappearing.

Cow dung